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SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein stands out as unique. Simiarity between SARS-CoV-2 with coronaviruses found in common hosts largely disappears in the spike protein portion of the genome, which is suggestive of a radical divergence from nature (genetic engineering).1)
Cellular Interaction
Receptor Binding Domain
Toxins
Research report finding toxin-like peptides similar to those in animal venom (conotoxins, phospholipsases, phosphodiesterases, zinc metal proteinases, and bradykinins) were found in fecal samples from COVID-19 patients, but not in control patients.2)
Potential Pathological Mechanisms of Anti-Spike Antibodies
- The Spike Protein As a Pore-Forming Toxin3)
Blood Clotting
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces abnormal inflammatory blood clots neutralized by fibrin immunotherapy4)
Cancer Pathway
There is evidence that the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with P53, the tumor suppressor protein whose pathway is associated with most or all human cancer, and BRCA, in an in silico study.5)
Neurological Effects
Scientists have observed cognitive deficits and anxiety in mouse models when the spike protein S1 subunit was delivered to the hippocampus.6)
Pathogenic Antibodies
- Pathogenic antibodies induced by spike proteins of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV viruses7)
Genetic Damage
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro8)
Links to Sort
The Functional Consequences of the Novel Ribosomal Pausing Site in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein RNA https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34204305/
1)
January 22, 2020 | Wei Ji et al | Journal of Medical Virology | Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV | https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25682
2)
October 14, 2021 | Carlo Brogna et al | F1000 Research (journal) | Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients | doi: 10.12688/f1000research.54306.2
3)
March 19, 2022 | Chris Masterjohn | The Spike Protein As a Pore-Forming Toxin
4)
October 13, 2021 | Jae Kyu Ryu et al | preprint | SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces abnormal inflammatory blood clots neutralized by fibrin immunotherapy | doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.12.464152
5)
June 30, 2020 | Nishant Singh and Anuradha Singh | Transl Oncol (Journal) | S2 Subunit of SARS-nCoV-2 Interacts with Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 and BRCA: an In Silico Study | doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100814
6)
March 31, 2022 | Junyoung Oh et al | Scientific Reports (journal) | SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in mouse via non-cell autonomous hippocampal neuronal death | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09410-7
7)
June 16, 2021 | Huiru Wang et al | preprint | Pathogenic antibodies induced by spike proteins of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV viruses | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-612103/v2
8)
October 13, 2021 | Hui Jiang and Ya-Fang Mei | SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro | DOI: 10.3390/v13102056