SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein stands out as unique. Similarity between SARS-CoV-2 with coronaviruses found in common hosts largely disappears in the spike protein portion of the genome, which is suggestive of a radical divergence from nature (genetic engineering).1)
Cellular Interaction
Receptor Binding Domain
Toxins
Research report finding toxin-like peptides similar to those in animal venom (conotoxins, phospholipsases, phosphodiesterases, zinc metal proteinases, and bradykinins) were found in fecal samples from COVID-19 patients, but not in control patients.2)
Could Small Neurotoxins-Peptides be Expressed during SARS-CoV-2 Infection?3)
Potential Pathological Mechanisms of Anti-Spike Antibodies
- The Spike Protein As a Pore-Forming Toxin4)
Blood Clotting
- SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces abnormal inflammatory blood clots neutralized by fibrin immunotherapy5)
Mechanism
While conspiracy theorists have debated the presence of graphene oxide and biotechnology in COVID-19 vaccines, Walter Chestnut proposed amyloidosis as the source of the fibrils.6) His observations are given support by Biologist Jessica Rose who notes these would also be delivered by the quasi-vaccines.7)
Cancer Pathway
There is evidence that the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 interacts with P53, the tumor suppressor protein whose pathway is associated with most or all human cancer, and BRCA, in an in silico study.8)
Neurological Effects
Scientists have observed cognitive deficits and anxiety in mouse models when the spike protein S1 subunit was delivered to the hippocampus.9)
Pathogenic Antibodies
- Pathogenic antibodies induced by spike proteins of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV viruses10)
Genetic Damage
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro11)
Prion-Like Diseases
Researchers have noted extended amino acid sequences in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that are noted to play a causal role in protein misfolding related to a large and growing number of neurodegenerative diseases.12)
Patents
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) holds patent rights to a version of the spike protein, described as “Prefusion Coronavirus Spike Proteins and Their Use”.
Links to Sort
The Functional Consequences of the Novel Ribosomal Pausing Site in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein RNA https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34204305/
1)
January 22, 2020 | Wei Ji et al | Journal of Medical Virology | Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV | https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25682
2)
October 14, 2021 | Carlo Brogna et al | F1000 Research (journal) | Toxin-like peptides in plasma, urine and faecal samples from COVID-19 patients | doi: 10.12688/f1000research.54306.2
3)
December 31, 2021 | Concetta Cafiero et al | Current Genomics | Could Small Neurotoxins-Peptides be Expressed during SARS-CoV-2 Infection? | DOI: 10.2174/1389202923666211221111527
4)
March 19, 2022 | Chris Masterjohn | The Spike Protein As a Pore-Forming Toxin
5)
October 13, 2021 | Jae Kyu Ryu et al | preprint | SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces abnormal inflammatory blood clots neutralized by fibrin immunotherapy | doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.12.464152
7)
May 23, 2022 | Jessica Rose | Modified spike protein RNA injection-induced Amyloidosis?
8)
June 30, 2020 | Nishant Singh and Anuradha Singh | Transl Oncol (Journal) | S2 Subunit of SARS-nCoV-2 Interacts with Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 and BRCA: an In Silico Study | doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100814
9)
March 31, 2022 | Junyoung Oh et al | Scientific Reports (journal) | SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces cognitive deficit and anxiety-like behavior in mouse via non-cell autonomous hippocampal neuronal death | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09410-7
10)
June 16, 2021 | Huiru Wang et al | preprint | Pathogenic antibodies induced by spike proteins of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV viruses | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-612103/v2
11)
October 13, 2021 | Hui Jiang and Ya-Fang Mei | SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro | DOI: 10.3390/v13102056
12)
August 16, 2022 | Stephanie Seneff et al. | SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in the Pathogenesis of Prion-like Diseases | DOI: 10.22541/au.166069342.27133443/v1