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Timeline History Illness& Medicine
540 - 1493
540 Bubonic plague engulfs the Roman Empire until 592.
1347 Bubonic plague spreads in Europe through 1350. Over 100 million would die from the plague during the next 400 years.
1350 Renaissance period, with its emphasis on freedom of the human spirit, replaces oligarchic control structures in Europe. It produces individualism dedicated to ending all hereditary control and dictatorship over the lives of people. The Rennaissance Period is ended by the old families in Europe.
1400's George Grote gives the University of London £6000 to study “mental health”, which began the worldwide “mental health” movement.
1493 Columbus transports sugar cane to the New World on the advice of Queen Isabela.
1500s
1500 Dutch establish a sugar refinery at Antwerp and ship sugar to Germany and England.
1501 Swift development of book printing and typography.
1509 First attempts to restrict right to practice medicine to licensed doctors.
1515 Spanish monks offer loans in gold to anyone who would start a sugar mill.
1533 First non-medical insane asylums instituted.
1557 Massive influenza epidemic in Europe.
1558 Tobacco first brought to Europe from Mexico.
1560 Charles V of Spain builds vast palaces using taxes on sugar trade
1563 General outbreak of plague in Europe. Kills 20,000 in London.
1567 In South America, 2 million die from typhoid fever.
1568 Disease epidemic in Lisbon kills 40,000.
1573 First German sugar cane refinery at Augsburg.
1578 First recognized description of whooping cough (Pertussis) by French physician Guillame Baillou during epidemic in Paris.
1592 Plague kills 15,000 people in London.
1599 Outbreak of plague in Spain.
1600s
1660 British find sugar pushing so profitable it becomes a matter of national security. British pass the Navigation Act of 1660 to prevent transport of sugar, tobacco, or any product of the American Colonies to any port outside England, Ireland and British possessions.
1603 Heavy outbreak of plague in England.
1612 Tobacco planted in Virginia in American colonies.
1632 First coffee shop opens in London.
1635 Tobacco sale in France restricted to apothecaries by doctor's prescription only.
1657 Chocolate drinking introduced in London.
1662 Britain importing 16 million pounds of sugar per year.
1665 London swept by bubonic plague. It was noticed that people who lived without sugar escaped harm. Over 68,000 die.
1667 The apparent danger of using animal serums foreign to human beings and animal serums foreign to other animals is reported in medical literature in 1667, when lambs blood was unsuccessfully used as a human blood transfusion.(Sir Graham Wilson, The Hazards of Immunization, London 1967, Athlone Press).
1667 Epidemics of smallpox, dysentary begin.
1668 Merck begins an apothecary shop in Darmstadt Germany.
1670 Measles and tertian fever epidemics displace cholera.
1672 Dysentary becomes mild and some smallpox occurs.
1673 Inoculation against smallpox appears in Denmark. (See 1778).
1674 First mention of diabetes mellitus in British Pharmaceutice Rationalis, by Thomas Willis, member of the Royal College of Physicians.
1675 Malaria epidemic in England and discovery of “peruvian bark” (quinine).
1677 Ice cream becomes popular dessert in Paris.
1678 First medical treatise in America on smallpox and measles.
1695 Paris and Rome experience ferocious epidemics of Pertussis.
1699 Philadelphia epidemic of yellow fever.
1700s
1700 British Isles importing 20 million pounds of sugar per year.
1700 Deaths from tuberculosis increase dramatically in England and other sugar consuming countries as the body environment changes to accommodate it.
1700 Refined sugar is the most important export of France.
1702 First appearance of yellow fever in the United States. It would appear 35 times between 1702 and 1800 and would appear almost every year between 1800 and 1879.
1709 Plague in Turkey, Russia, Scandinavia and Germany through 1710.
1712 First record of vaccinations for smallpox in France.
1717 Innoculation against smallpox instituted in England by Lady Mary Montague after she returns from Turkey, where it was in a popular experimental stage at the time
1719 Outbreak of the plague in Marseilles, France through 1720.
1721 In the United States, a clergyman named Cotton Mather attempts to introduce a crude form of smallpox vaccination by smearing smallpox pus into scratches in healthy people. Over 220 people are treated during the first six months of experimentation. Only six had no apparent reaction. Mather was bitterly attacked for recommending this practice. Boston, Massachusetts.
1722 In Wales, a Dr. Wright refers to inoculation against smallpox in the British Isles as “an ancient practice”. A citizen of Wales, 99 years old, states that innoculation had been known and used during his entire lifetime, and that his mother stated it was common during her life, and that she got smallpox through her “innoculation”.
1723 First record of smallpox immunization in Ireland, when a doctor in Dublin inoculates 25 people. Three died, and the custom was briefly abandoned.
1724 First record of vaccination for smallpox in Germany. It soon fell into disfavor due to the number of deaths. Years later, doctors were able to reintroduce it.
1727 Coffee planted in Brazil.
1740 Smallpox epidemic in Berlin.
1741 Philadelphia epidemic of yellow fever.
1747 Philadelphia epidemic of yellow fever.
1750 Scandinavia experiences a 15 year epidemic of Pertussis (whooping cough) which takes 45,000 lives.
1754 Inoculation for smallpox introduced in Rome. The practice was soon stopped because of the number of deaths it caused. Later, the medical profession would successfully reintroduce it.
1762 Philadelphia epidemic of yellow fever.
1763 Epidemic of smallpox in France wipes out a large part of the population. It was immediately attributed to inoculation, and the practice was prohibited by the French government for five years.
1768 The medical profession in France is successful in re-instituting vaccination for smallpox.
1778 Danish physicians move to open two major vaccination houses in Denmark, by order of the King.
1778 In Italy, infants were inoculated by Neapolitan nurses without the knowledge of parents.
1789 Epidemic of influenza in New England through 1790.
1790 First patent law in US established.
1790 Edward Jenner buys a medical degree from St.Andrews University for £15.
1791 Edward Jenner vaccinates his 18 month old son with swine-pox. In 1798 he vaccinates his son with cow-pox. His son will die of TB at the age of 21.
1792 Anti-Saccharite Society forms in Europe to protest effect of sugar on people. It induces a British sugar boycott through Europe.
1793 Epidemic of influenza in New England.
1793 Major epidemic of yellow fever in the United States in Philadelphia, the social, political and financial center of the country. It would soon spread to other states through 1796.
1796 Edward Jenner in Gloucestershire, England credited with concept of vaccination. Jenner vaccinates an 8 year old boy with smallpox pus. Jenner would vaccinate the boy 20 times. The boy would die from TB at the age of 20.
1798 General vaccine programs against cowpox instituted in the US.
1800s
1800 Benjamin Waterhouse at Harvard University introduces vaccination in Massachusetts.
1800 British sugar consumption reaches 160 million pounds per year.
1801 First widespread experimentation with vaccines begins.
1802 The British government gives Edward Jenner £10,000 for continued experimentation with “smallpox vaccine.” The paradigm that vaccines provide “lifetime immunity” is abandoned, and the concept of “revaccination” is sanctioned.
1809 Massachusetts encourages its towns to make provision for the vaccination of inhabitants with cow pox vaccines.
1810 Hahnemann founds homeopathy.
1810 The London Medical Observer (Vol.VI, 1810) publishes particulars of “535 cases of smallpox after vaccination, 97 fatal cases of smallpox after vaccination and 150 cases of serious injury from vaccination, ten of whom were medical men.”
1812 France has mass planting of sugar beets and 500 refineries open. Over 8 million pounds of sugar are produced in one year.
1812 Death rate from TB in New York 700 per 100,000.
1815 Income tax ends in England. Resumes in 1842.
1816 Britain passes an act which outlawed brewers from possession of sugar or molasses, since brewers had been adulterating their product with sugar.
1822 The British government advances Edward Jenner another £20,000 for “smallpox vaccine” experimentation. Jenner suppresses reports which indicate his concept is causing more deaths than saving lives.
1826 M.Taveau in France invents mercury amalgam fillings.
1826 Cholera epidemic begins in India.
1830 Britain imports 18,956 chests of opium to China. Opium becomes the largest commodity in world trade.
1831 Cholera epidemic spreads from Russia to Central Europe.
1831 Smallpox epidemic in Wurtemberg, Germany, where 995 vaccinated people succumb to the disease.
1831 In Marseilles, France, 2000 vaccinated people are stricken with smallpox. .
1832 British Medical Association chartered.
1832 Christian Hahnemann creates school of homeopathy.
1833 Mercury amalgam fillings introduced in NYC. Dentists rebelled.
1835 First availability of powerful compound microscopes.
1836 First recorded case of the use of psychiatry to suppress dissent in Russia.
1838 Smallpox epidemic in England.
1839 First time a disease is traced to a parasitic organism. (Schoenlein, fungal infection of scalp).
1840 Baltimore Dental College graduates swore not to use mercury amalgam.
1840 First Opium War in China, as Chinese protest British import of drugs.
1846 Nucleus of physicians in New York form the American Medical Association.
1847 American Medical Association (AMA) organized in the US.
1848 Dr.Semmelweis at the University of Vienna Medical School cuts infant deaths by requiring doctors to wash their hands. Subsequently fired.
1850 Homeopathic college founded in Cleveland, Ohio.
1850 British physician reads a paper detailing microscopic examination of food products to the US . The paper revealed that all food products examined in Britain were adulterated with foreign substances, including chemicals. Hearings periodically held for decades.
1850 A new way of thinking develops in German science, which maintains that people are similar to complex machines. It does nothing to take into account the spiritual basis of man. This thinking becomes the basis for experiments in psychology in order to discover the nature of humans and how to program them. The work of Wilhelm Wundt is the primary source of these ideas. American elite begin to come to Germany to study this way of thinking.
1850 US prison population is 29 per100,000 (This goes up to 250 per 100,000 by 1994).
1853 Dr. Isaac Brown, a prominent British surgeon and president of the Medical Society of London,creates a surgical procedure to remove the clitoris from women on the grounds that “masturbation caused epilepsy and convulsive diseases.”
1853 Smallpox epidemic in England.
1853 In England, the Compulsory Vaccination Act . From 1853 to 1860, vaccination reached 75% of the live births and more than 90% of the population.
1853 Chloroform first used as anesthetic in England.
1853 First use of hypodermic needle for subcutaneous injection.
1855 Compulsory nature of Massachusetts vaccination statute firm, and a pre- condition for school admittance. Statutes created in the belief it would “protect children from smallpox.”
1855 New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal sports an editorial which declares that “masturbation is the destroying element of civilized society.”
1855 Outbreak of cholera in England.
1857 Vaccination in England enforced by fines. Smallpox epidemic begins in England that lasts until 1859. Over 14,000 die.
1858 England experiences a 7 year epidemic of Pertussis (ending in 1865) in which 120,000 die.
1860 Introduction of antibiotics and immunization into the US. (Thru 1896).
1860 Encyclopaedia Brittanica (8th Edition) states “nothing is more likely to prove hurtful to the cause of vaccination and render the public careless of securing to themselves its benefits, than the belief that they would require to submit to re-vaccination every 10 to 15 years”. Later, in the 11th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, the policy would change: “it is desirable that vaccination should be repeated at the age of 7 to 10 years, and thereafter at intervals during life”.
1863 Second major epidemic of smallpox in England lasts until 1865. 20,000 die.
1864 Pasteur invents pasteurization process for wine.
1865 George Peabody (Rothschilds) conceives of “tax exempt charitable foundation”.
1867 Vaccination Act of 1867 in England begins to elicit protest from the population and increase in the number of anti-vaccination groups. It compelled the vaccination of a baby within the first 90 days of its life. Those who objected would be continually badgered by magistrates and fined until the child turned 14. The law was passed on the assurance of medical officials that smallpox vaccinations were safe.
1867 Joseph Lister introduces sanitation into surgery, over the objections of leading English surgeons.
1867 Nonpayment of fines for skipping smallpox vaccination result in harsh penalties.
1869 Conference of the British Medical Association devotes its surgery discussions to an attack on antiseptic theory and the work of Lister.
1870 Third major smallpox epidemic in England begins and lasts until 1872. Over 44,800 dies.
1871 In Birmingham, England from 1871 to 1874, there were 7,706 cases of smallpox.Out of these, 6,795 had been vaccinated.
1871 In Bavaria, Germany, vaccination is compulsory and re-vaccination is commonplace. Out of 30,472 cases of smallpox, 29,429 had been vaccinated.
1871 Worldwide epidemic of smallpox begins. Claims 8 million people worldwide.
1871 Select committee of the Privy Council convened to inquire into the Vaccination Act of 1867 (England), as 97.5% of the people who died from smallpox were vaccinated for it.
1872 Japan institutes compulsory smallpox vaccination. Within 20 years 165,000 smallpox cases manifest themselves.
1872 In England, 87% of infants are vaccinated for smallpox. Over 19,000 die in England and Wales. (See 1925).
1875 Public Health Act of 1875 in England promotes sanitary conditions.
1878 Louis Pasteur tells his family never to show anyone his lab notebooks. His last surviving grandson donated the documents to the Bibiotheque Nationale in Paris in 1964. Later, historians would begin to examine Pasteurs notes and would find evidence of potential scientific misconduct and a large degree of dubious human experimentation. (See 1993 Gerald Geison).
1880 Beginning of a 20 year period where elite American students of Wilhelm Wundt (see 1850) in Germany return and become heads of psychology departments at Harvard, University of Pennsylvania, Cornell and all major universities and colleges. Wundt trains James Cattell, who returns to the US and trains over 300 in the Wundtian system which, with help from the Carnegie and Rockefeller Foundations, eventually assume control of psychological testing in the United States for all the soldiers of the First World War.
1880 Recorded death rate from diabetes in Denmark is 1.8 per 100,000. (This will go up to 8 per100.00 in 1911 and 19 per 100,000 in 1934).
1880 Smallpox vaccinations start in the United States.
1880 Sweden consumption of refined sugar 12 pounds per person annually. (This will go up to 120 lb per person annually in 1929).
1882 Koch isolates the TB Bacillus. TB death rate 370 per 100,000.
1884 In England, Dr. Charles Creighton is asked to write an article for the Encyclopedia Britannica on vaccination.After much research internationally, he concludes that vaccination constituted “a gross superstition”. Later, Creighton writes two books, “Cowpox and Vaccinal Syphilis” and “Jenner and Vaccination”.
1884 In England, more that 1700 children vaccinated for smallpox die of syphillis.
1884 Dr. Sobatta of the German Army reports on the results of vaccination to the German Vaccination Commission, which subsequently publishes data proving that re-vaccination does not work. Deaths from vaccination are routinely covered up by physicians.
1886 A seven year period begins in Japan where 25,474,370 vaccinations and re-vaccinations are performed in Japan, representing 66% of the entire population of Japan. During that period, there are 165,774 cases of smallpox with 28,979 deaths. (See 1955).
1885 General vaccination program against rabies begins in the United States.
1887 New York doctor Ephraim Cutter publishes a book on cancer and the diet.
1887 In England, Dr. Edgar M. Crookshank, professor of pathology and bacteriology at Kings College, is asked by the British government to investigate the cowpox outbreak in Wiltshire. The result of the investigation was contained in two volumes of “The History and Pathology of Vaccination”, in which he states that “the credit given to vaccination belongs to sanitation”.
1888 Bacteriological Institute opens in Paris for experimentation with animals and production of vaccines and sera. Other institutes open around the world modeled after the Paris Institute.
1888 Bacteriological Institute in Odessa, Russia tries its hand at a vaccine for anthrax. Over 4500 sheep are vaccinated; 3700 of them die from the vaccination.
1889 In England, a royal commission is appointed to inquire into certain aspects of the vaccination question. The committee would be in session for 7 years and would issue 6 reports, with the final report in 1896. The result of the final report was the Vaccination Act of 1898.
1889 Most of Britain's food production becomes industrialized.
1890 Andrew Carnegie writes a series of eleven essays called “The Gospel of Wealth”, a treatise which essentially stated that free enterprise and capitalism no longer existed in the United States, because he and Rockefeller owned everything, including the government, and that competition was impossible unless they allowed it.
Eventually, says Carnegie, the young children will become aware of this and form clandestine organizations to fight against it. Carnegie proposes that men of wealth form a synthetic free enterprise system based on cradle-to-grave schooling. The people who advanced through schooling would be given licenses to lead profitable lives. All licenses are tied to forms of schooling. This way, the entire economy can be controlled and people have a motivation for them to learn what you want them to learn. It also places the minds of all children in the hands of a few social engineers.
1890 Emil vin Behring announces discovery of anti-toxins.
1892 Cholera epidemic in Hamburg, Germany. Threat of importation into the US forced the establishment of the New York City Health Department division of Pathology, Bateriology and Disinfection.
1892 America takes the lead in world wide sugar consumption, surpassing the British. Sugar consumption would double again by 1920.
1893 German Dr.Julius Hensel states that processed flour is devoid of nutrients.
1893 Johns Hopkins Medical School established. Headquarters of German Allopathic Medicine.
1895 Diptheria vaccination program begins. Over the period lasting until 1907, 63,249 cases of diptheria were treated with anti-toxin. Over 8,900 died, giving a fatality rate of 14%. Over the same period, 11,716 cases were not treated with anti-toxin, of which 703 died, giving a fatality rate of 6%.
1896 Carlo Ruta, a professor at the University of Perugia in Italy, states that “vaccination is a world-wide delusion and an unscientific practice, with consequences measured today with tears and sorrow without end.”
1897 AMA formally incorporated, paying $3 fee to State of Illinois.
1897 Chloride of lime first used to sterilize drinking water.
1897 Freud writes that “masturbation is the prime habit and addiction which is replaced by addiction to alcohol, morphine and tobacco”. Freud neglects to mention his own further addiction to sugar and cocaine, leading one to assume Freud was eternally high and sexually frustrated, and that this was projected to form the sexually dependent theories taken up later by psychiatry.
1898 Rockefeller interests have a prime goal of control of medical education in USA.
1898 Vaccination Act of 1898 in England. Elections held for the “board of guardians”, the administrators of the vaccination laws, and by 1898 over 600 boards in England were pledged not to enforce the law. The Act of 1898 contained the first “conscience clause”, although no claims of conscience were ever approved by magistrates.
1898 Marie Curie discovers radium.
1898 J.R. Ewald, professor of physicology at Strassbourg University in Germany experiments using brain electrode implants. 1)