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-===== Wellcome Trust ====={{ ::wellcome_logo.png?400|}}
+====== Wellcome Trust ======
-=== History Timeline ===
+{{ ::wellcome_trust_logo.png?200|}}
-      * 1853: Henry Wellcome is born in the US
+**Wellcome Trust** is a British non-governmental organization based in [[united_kingdom:england:London]], [[united_kingdom:England]].
-  *     1880: Burroughs, Wellcome & Co is established by Silas Burroughs and Henry Wellcome in London, UK
-  *     1936: Henry Wellcome dies and his various interests around the world are brought together as Wellcome Foundation, owned by the Wellcome Trust
-  *     1985: Wellcome Trust sells the first shares in Wellcome Foundation, which is renamed Wellcome Plc
-  *     1995: Wellcome Plc is bought by Glaxo to form GlaxoWellcome, which later becomes [[:GlaxoSmithKline]]
-  *     1995: The Wellcome Trust – or now just Wellcome – has become an independent charitable foundation
-  *     2007: Wellcome Collection opens in London ((https://web.archive.org/web/20210402124915/https://wellcome.org/who-we-are/history-wellcome))
-=== Who We Are ===
+===== History =====
-Wellcome is a politically and financially independent global charitable foundation, funded by a £29.1 billion investment portfolio.
+  * 1853: [[Henry Wellcome]] is born in the US
+  * 1880: Burroughs, Wellcome & Co is established by Silas Burroughs and Henry Wellcome in London, UK
+  * 1936: Henry Wellcome dies and his various interests around the world are brought together as Wellcome Foundation, owned by the Wellcome Trust
+  * 1985: Wellcome Trust sells the first shares in Wellcome Foundation, which is renamed Wellcome Plc
+  * 1995: Wellcome Plc is bought by Glaxo to form GlaxoWellcome, which later becomes [[pharmaceutical_companies:GlaxoSmithKline]]
+  * 1995: The Wellcome Trust – or now just Wellcome – has become an independent charitable foundation
+  * 2007: Wellcome Collection opens in London ((https://web.archive.org/web/20210402124915/https://wellcome.org/who-we-are/history-wellcome))
-Our strategy includes grant funding, advocacy campaigns and partnerships to find solutions for today’s urgent health challenges.
+===== Links to sort =====
-Our founder, Sir [[Henry Wellcome]], was a pharmaceutical entrepreneur. Our governance is based on an updated version of his will, in which he left us his wealth, his collection of historical medical items, and our mission to improve health through research.
+  * [[https://web.archive.org/web/20210901013329/https://wellcome.org/who-we-are|Who We Are]]
-How we work
+  * [[https://brownstone.org/articles/the-lab-leak-the-plots-and-schemes-of-jeremy-farrar-anthony-fauci-and-francis-collins/]]
+  * [[https://web.archive.org/web/20220120112522/https://brownstone.org/articles/the-lab-leak-the-plots-and-schemes-of-jeremy-farrar-anthony-fauci-and-francis-collins/]]
+  * [[https://web.archive.org/web/20190907020216/http://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/wellcome-trust-launches-global-urban-health-project|Wellcome Trust Launches Global Urban Health Project]]
+  * [[https://web.archive.org/web/20200817190009/https://wellcome.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wellcome-global-monitor-2018.pdf]]
+  * [[https://web.archive.org/web/20200813025327/http://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/wellcome-trust-survey-examines-confidence-in-health-care-science]]
-Wellcome’s response to the Covid-19 pandemic shows how we work with academia, philanthropy, businesses, governments, civil society and the public around the world to support science’s role in solving health challenges.
+==== Wellcome, Pharmaceutical Firms Back UK Whole Genome Sequencing Project ====
-Here are some of the ways we’re working to overcome Covid-19 -
+September 12,  2019 - The Wellcome [[:Sanger Institute]] in Hinxton, England, has announced a £200 million ($244 million) project to sequence the genomes of five hundred thousand volunteers and power the next wave of genetic and health research.
-Advocacy, calling for urgent investment in global research and development
+With funding of £50 million ($61 million) from the British government's research and innovation agency, [[UK Research and Innovation]]; £50 million ($61 million) from Wellcome; and contributions totaling £100 million ($122 million) from [[:Amgen]], [[:AstraZeneca]], [[:GlaxoSmithKline]], and [[:Johnson & Johnson]], the Whole [[Genome Sequencing]] project is expected to yield a rich data resource for scientists working to understand, diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. Following a pilot project involving fifty thousand volunteers from [[:UK Biobank]] — which was established in 2006 by Wellcome and UK government agencies to collect data and samples from five hundred thousand people between the ages of 40 and 69 — the [[:Sanger Institute]] and [[deCODE genetics]] in Iceland will sequence the genomes of the remaining four hundred and fifty thousand volunteers.
-Vaccine development through the [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation]] (CEPI), which Wellcome co-founded in 2017
-Treatment development through support for the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator
-Multinational clinical trials such as one led by our research programme in Thailand to test whether [[hydrochloroquine]] protects healthcare workers from Covid-19 infection
-Surveying attitudes to science, health and vaccines across the world, through studies such as the [[Wellcome Global Monitor]], to inform research and policy
-Exploring the impact of the pandemic on mental health
-[[Genome sequencing]] hundreds of thousands of samples from [[Covid-19]] infections at the Wellcome [[Sanger Institute]], to help guide research, policies and interventions
-Public engagement, for example [[Contagious Cities]], an international cultural project from 2019 that supported local conversations about [[epidemic preparedness]]
-Supporting the development of research leaders in regions most affected by infectious disease, as we’ve done through our [[DELTAS Africa]] initiative
-Discovery research across a broad range of disciplines, which has the potential to lead to unanticipated insights relevant to the global pandemic response. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20210901013329/https://wellcome.org/who-we-are))
-=== Wellcome Pandemic Response ===
+According to project officials, the **sequencing data will be linked to detailed clinical and lifestyle data for each volunteer to create an encyclopedia of genetic information** that is expected to generate new insights into why some people develop particular diseases and others do not. While industry partners will have preferential access to the data for nine months before it is released to other researchers, data for the entire cohort is expected to be made accessible to the scientific and medical communities by early 2023.((https://web.archive.org/web/20220121003135/https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/wellcome-pharmaceutical-firms-back-uk-whole-genome-sequencing-project))
-[[Jeremy Farrar]] is a former professor at Oxford University and the head of the Wellcome Trust. This quote is from his book about his pandemic experience and imparts priceless insight into what drove official global policy decisions. It is part of an bombshell article by Jeffrey A. Tucker for Brownstone Institute titled 'The Lab Leak~ The Plots and Schemes of Jeremy Farrar, [[Anthony Fauci]], and [[Francis Collins]]'
-In the last week of January 2020, I saw email chatter from scientists in the US suggesting the virus looked almost engineered to infect human cells. These were credible scientists proposing an incredible, and terrifying, possibility of either an accidental leak from a laboratory or a deliberate release….
+==== Four reasons why we need multiple vaccines for Covid-19 ====
-It seemed a huge coincidence for a [[:coronavirus]] to crop up in [[Wuhan]], a city with a superlab. Could the novel corona-virus be anything to do with ‘[[:gain of function]]’ (GOF) studies? These are studies in which viruses are deliberately genetically engineered to become more contagious and then used to infect mammals like ferrets, to track how the modified virus spreads. They are carried out in top-grade containment labs like the one in Wuhan. ((https://brownstone.org/articles/the-lab-leak-the-plots-and-schemes-of-jeremy-farrar-anthony-fauci-and-francis-collins/ | source)) ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220120112522/https://brownstone.org/articles/the-lab-leak-the-plots-and-schemes-of-jeremy-farrar-anthony-fauci-and-francis-collins/| archive))
+November 2020 by Charlie Weller - Head of Vaccines Programme Wellcome
+To bring the pandemic under control we will need to produce and roll out vaccines at a scale and speed never seen before. To meet the aim of vaccinating high-risk populations around the world by the end of 2021, we need at least 2 billion vaccine doses.
-=== Wellcome Trust Launches Global Urban Health Project ===
+Moderna, for example, hopes to produce 500 million doses of their vaccine next year. But with each person requiring two doses to be vaccinated, it’s a long way off the full number required.
-February 7, 2018
-The UK-based Wellcome Trust has announced the launch of a £10 million ($13.9 million) research initiative aimed at understanding how data can be used to transform cities into places that more equitably support healthier lives while also protecting the environment.
+We have also never licensed or scaled-up an RNA vaccine before – the technology that the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines use – so there may be unforeseen manufacturing issues.
-Part of the trust's Our Planet, Our Health program, the initiative comprises two urban health projects through which researchers, working closely with officials in ten cities, will gather local data and use computer modeling to test a variety of policy solutions to gauge their chances of success. Cities participating in the initiative include London (England), Rennes (France), Beijing and Ningbo (China), Nairobi and Kisumu (Kenya), Dhaka (Bangladesh), Vancouver (Canada), and Accra and Tamale (Ghana).
+By developing and investing in multiple vaccine candidates we stand a much better chance of having the volume of doses we need to get the virus under control. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20201127052937/https://wellcome.org/news/four-reasons-why-we-need-multiple-vaccines-covid-19))
-By 2050, 70 percent of the world's population is expected to live in cities, up from 50 percent today. Although people in cities on average are healthier than people who live in rural areas, due in large part to the concentration of economic activity and public services in urban areas, services are likely to become  stretched as more people are exposed to city life, with the urban poor suffering most as a result.
-The new projects join four other projects announced by the trust in 2017 focused on identifying and addressing challenges in the areas of urban health and food systems. All six projects eventually will be brought together under the aegis of the [[:London Hub for Urban Health]], Sustainability and Equality, creating one of the world's leading research centers in the field. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20190907020216/http://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/wellcome-trust-launches-global-urban-health-project))
+==== High Risk Life Science Research ====
-=== Wellcome Trust Survey Examines Confidence in Health Care, Science ===
- June 19, 2019	- Based on a survey of more than a hundred and forty thousand people around the world, the report, Wellcome Global Monitor: How Does the World Feel About Science and Health Topics? ((https://web.archive.org/web/20200817190009/https://wellcome.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wellcome-global-monitor-2018.pdf))119 pages PDF, found that while respondents in high-income countries overall were about as likely as those in lower-middle-income countries to have confidence in hospitals and clinics (78 percent and 82 percent, respectively), people who were struggling financially in upper-middle- and high-income countries were less likely to have confidence in healthcare facilities (63 percent and 68 percent) than those who were struggling in lower-middle- and lower-income countries (77 percent and 71 percent). The gap in confidence between respondents who were "living comfortably" and those who were "finding it difficult or very difficult" to get by was greatest in high-income countries (84 percent vs. 68 percent).
-In addition, while 69 percent of all respondents said the work that scientists do benefits "people like them," only 41 percent believed it benefits "most" people in their country, 34 percent said it benefits "some," and 15 percent said it benefits "very few." In high-income countries, people who were "finding it difficult" to get by were about three times as likely as people who say they are "living comfortably" (14 percent vs. 5 percent) to be skeptical about whether science benefits them personally or society as a whole.
-The survey also found that 92 percent of respondents globally said their children were [[:vaccinated]], while only 74 percent of North Americans agreed it was important for children to be vaccinated and 6 percent of parents worldwide said their children were [[:unvaccinated]]. According to the report, 64 percent of global respondents for whom religious affiliation was an important part of daily life said they would believe their religious teachings over science.
-"Science can change our understanding of the world, influence the way we live and how our communities function. We must remember that science is part of society: it needs to be done with the public, not just for them," said Simon Chaplin, director of culture and society at Wellcome Trust. "Wellcome Global Monitor has also found that **alongside learning science at school or college, confidence in key national institutions such as the government, the military, and the judiciary, are among the strongest factors which relate to a person's trust in science**. This is all connected. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20200813025327/http://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/wellcome-trust-survey-examines-confidence-in-health-care-science))
-=== Wellcome, Pharmaceutical Firms Back UK Whole [[Genome Sequencing]] Project ==
-September 12,  2019 - The Wellcome [[:Sanger Institute]] in Hinxton, England, has announced a £200 million ($244 million) project to sequence the genomes of five hundred thousand volunteers and power the next wave of genetic and health research.
-With funding of £50 million ($61 million) from the British government's research and innovation agency, [[UK Research and Innovation]]; £50 million ($61 million) from Wellcome; and contributions totaling £100 million ($122 million) from [[:Amgen]], [[:AstraZeneca]], [[:GlaxoSmithKline]], and [[:Johnson & Johnson]], the Whole [[Genome Sequencing]] project is expected to yield a rich data resource for scientists working to understand, diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. Following a pilot project involving fifty thousand volunteers from [[:UK Biobank]] — which was established in 2006 by Wellcome and UK government agencies to collect data and samples from five hundred thousand people between the ages of 40 and 69 — the [[:Sanger Institute]] and [[deCODE genetics]] in Iceland will sequence the genomes of the remaining four hundred and fifty thousand volunteers.
-According to project officials, the **sequencing data will be linked to detailed clinical and lifestyle data for each volunteer to create an encyclopedia of genetic information** that is expected to generate new insights into why some people develop particular diseases and others do not. While industry partners will have preferential access to the data for nine months before it is released to other researchers, data for the entire cohort is expected to be made accessible to the scientific and medical communities by early 2023.((https://web.archive.org/web/20220121003135/https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/wellcome-pharmaceutical-firms-back-uk-whole-genome-sequencing-project))
-== High Risk Life Science Research ==
 The London-based Wellcome Trust has announced the launch of a £250 million (approximately $332 million) fund that will invest in ambitious research programs with the potential to fundamentally change science and transform health over five to ten years.
@@ Line 134: / Line 107: @@
 Developed in collaboration with our LGBTQ+ network at Wellcome, we're launching a new trans inclusion policy for our staff. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20201127175047/https://wellcome.org/news/our-trans-inclusion-policy-latest-step-making-wellcome-more-inclusive))
+===== External links =====
+  * [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellcome_Trust|Wikipedia]]
+  * [[https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Wellcome_Trust|Wikispooks]]