Origins of SARS-CoV-2 [Campfire Wiki]

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====== Origins of SARS-CoV-2 ======
The origins of the [[:SARS-CoV-2]] [[:coronavirus]] are hotly debated, but crucially important for understanding the totality of the [[:COVID-19 pandemic]].

  * [[SARS-CoV-2:origins:DRASTIC]] (informal research group investigating SARS-CoV-2 origins)
  * [[SARS-CoV-2:origins:Earlier Origins Hypothesis]]
  * [[SARS-CoV-2:origins:Genetic Engineering Hypothesis]]
  * [[SARS-CoV-2:origins:Lab Leak Hypothesis]]
  * [[SARS-CoV-2:origins:Venom Poisoning Hypothesis]]
  * [[SARS-CoV-2:origins:Zoonotic Origins Hypothesis]]
  * [[SARS-CoV-2:origins:Other Origins Hypotheses]]

===== Meta-Commentary on Origins Theories and Controversies =====
  * September 14, 2020 - In an interview published by [[HuffPost]], Baric stated unequivocally that genetic engineering of a [[virus]] can occur with or without leaving a trace, including a potential personal signature.((September 14, 2020 | [[HuffPost]] | [[https://archive.is/6Am51#selection-1255.0-1255.91|È possibile creare un virus in laboratorio senza lasciare traccia? La risposta dell'esperto]]))
  * February 16, 2021, "Why China and the WHO Will Never Find a Zoonotic Origin For the COVID-19 Pandemic Virus" by Jonathan Latham, PhD and Allison Wilson, PhD.(([[https://www.independentsciencenews.org/commentaries/why-china-and-the-who-will-never-find-a-zoonotic-origin-for-the-covid19-pandemic-virus/ | Why China and the WHO Will Never Find a Zoonotic Origin For the COVID-19 Pandemic Virus]]))
  * Apr 1, 2021 - Dan Serotka opines on quasispecies mutant swarms.((April 1, 2021 | Dan Serotka | [[:Harvard2TheBigHouse]] | [[https://harvard2thebighouse.substack.com/p/understanding-covid-19-and-seasonal?utm_source=url&s=r|Golden Silkworms in Pandora's Box]]))
  * May 2, 2021 ([[https://nicholaswade.medium.com/origin-of-covid-following-the-clues-6f03564c038|Nicholas Wade]]) Commentary on theories
  * Aug 17, 2021 ([[https://thebulletin.org/2021/08/how-covid-19s-origins-were-obscured-by-the-east-and-the-west/?fbclid=IwAR2noNlIOUP-pPgnwZycaWXWQZueDb7btoD_G1cXmQ8wBQeOHzTdTvfphOg|thebulletin]]) How C19’s origins were obscured, by East and West.
  * Feb 22, 2022 Dr. [[:Robert Malone]] discusses the Wuhan lab leak theory with [[:EcoHealth Alliance]] whistleblower [[:Andrew Huff]].((February 22, 2022 | [[:TrialSite News]] | [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvJn5D0zknM|Robert Malone and EcoHealth Whistleblower Andrew Huff Discuss Wuhan Lab Leak Theory]] via [[:YouTube]]))

==== Research Compilations ====
  * [[:Charles Rixey|Charles Rixey's]] [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359855384_The_Myth_of_the_Blind_Watchmaker|The Myth of the Blind Watchmaker]]

==== Engineering Consensus of a Narrative ====
  * May 23, 2021 ([[https://judithcurry.com/2021/05/23/collapse-of-the-fake-consensus-on-covid-19-origins/?fbclid=IwAR0k3vYn60GWJOzFpzr3UBY28uZXQVT8TvuAYzXFrBle0_U63euN9PbTI-U|judithcurry]]) Collapse of the fake consensus on C19 origins
  * Kristian Anderson's deleted tweets ([[https://twitter.com/Bobby_Network/status/1401698298617081860?s=20|source]]). ([[https://web.archive.org/web/20210602145818/https://twitter.com/K_G_Andersen/status/1223310649498824704|archived]])
    * Anderson emailed Fauci on Jan 31, Fauci responded Feb 1; and [[https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FAyjchan%2Fstatus%2F1402412729714028544%3Fs%3D20%26fbclid%3DIwAR1q6iV1CcAyMzy-K93dKrORStD-_Xbn1HqIVgweGc2B_BG6XZkLSC6FLFw&h=AT2NWMPXUqbotyV3IxLq39YKRW5TGfOLN_Vt7i2701EKThY5FEMmA3ApJ4X8jjrfQrLWHcy7b7BbW4lygVGrPy4MvCUHkS7wU3o0XUFAST5Cu826xtZcGm6jmuGgi6BlrQ&__tn__=-UK-R&c[0]=AT2PcINEc0cvYavJtkH7Qrmd7bUv5qVlWg3XlUMqsQUZ2wSrRaXsvl3EVcrvHkhwPaOjgRWKX3LsxQQ_rcgy6gCqlKQr0aRlXKSDYU7b7X4HKhZbPCpnJXe5w9J7qW6wRmRHCbXauONdG83DIUD9|the draft of the Natural Origins paper was complete on Feb 1]].
  * June 6, 2021 ([[https://twitter.com/AlexBerenson/status/1401670033231781891?s=20|Alex Berenson]]) Anderson told Fauci SC2 looked engineered, then later that day publicly said the opposite!
  * Aug 11, 2021 ([[https://usrtk.org/biohazards/scientists-who-authored-article-denying-lab-engineering-of-sars-cov-2-privately-acknowledged-possible-lab-origin-emails-show/|usrtk]]) Scientist who authored article denying lab engineering privately acknowledged possible lab origin.
    * Shan-Lu Liu (Ohio State)
  * February 10, 2022 - WIV Virologist [[:Shi Zhengli]] employs a "personal propagandist" to handle public relations.((February 10, 2022 | [[:Eugyppius]] | [[https://www.eugyppius.com/p/the-bat-lady-from-wuhan-and-the-very?utm_source=url|The Bat Lady from Wuhan and the Very Clumsy Lies She Tells]]))

=== Evidence Tampering ===
Australian virologist Dr. Edward Holmes was targeted for congressional investigation for allegedly covering up evidence regarding the origins of SARS-CoV-2.((February 13, 2022 | Nick Holt | [[https://nickholt.substack.com/p/australian-virologist-dr-edward-holmes?r=uhalf&s=r|Australian virologist Dr Edward Holmes target of congressional investigation into cover up of Covid-19 origins]]))

== The Missing Coronavirus Genetic Database ==
On the 12th Sep 2019, the main database administered by [[:Shi Zhengli]] of samples and viral sequences at the [[:Wuhan Institute of Virology]] (WIV) went offline. At some point, each of the other 15 virus databases managed by the WIV was taken offline.((February, 2021 | Billy Bostickson et al | preprint | An investigation into the WIV databases that were taken offline | [[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349073738_An_investigation_into_the_WIV_databases_that_were_taken_offline|DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.28029.08160]]))

== NIH Deletes Genomic Data? ==
A FOIA filed by the Virginia group Empower Oversight Whistleblowers and Researchers revealed that on June 16, 2020, the NIH deleted genetic sequencing data from Wuhan at the behest of a Wuhan researcher. From those documents: "Professor Trevor Bedford of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center later sent the group an email stating that the deleted data seemed to support the idea that the pandemic began outside the Huanan market in Wuhan and that the matter must be analyzed properly."((March 31, 2022 | [[:ZeroHedge]] | [[https://www.zerohedge.com/covid-19/nih-deleted-info-wuhan-lab-covid-19-genetic-sequencing-watchdog-foia-finds|NIH Deleted Info From Wuhan Lab On Covid-19 Genetic Sequencing, Watchdog FOIA Finds]]))

In April 2022, an NIH spokesperson stated that the data was "suppressed", but not deleted.((April 3, 2022 | [[:ZeroHedge]] | [[https://www.zerohedge.com/covid-19/nih-admits-it-suppressed-wuhan-lab-genetic-data-disputes-watchdogs-deleted-label|NIH Admits It "Suppressed" Wuhan Lab Genetic Data, But Disputes Watchdog's "Deleted" Label]]))

== Rearrangement of Wuhan Data ==
  * Mar 5, 2022 - Charles Rixey contests data from Worobey paper studying Wuhan outbreak.((March 5, 2022 | [[:Charles Rixey]] | [[https://twitter.com/CharlesRixey/status/1500295033970376706|Tweet]]))


===== Investigations in the Origins of SARS-CoV-2 =====
This section may also include, or even be dominated by "investigations" that were meant to deceive rather than reveal information.

==== WHO Investigation ====
[[:Peter Daszak]] admitted that he and the investigatory team did not even ask for the missing bat virus database from the [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]].((March 11, 2021 | Small Dead Animals | [[https://www.smalldeadanimals.com/2021/03/11/one-flu-out-of-the-wuhan-nest-25/|One Flu Out Of The Wuhan Nest]]))

==== Withheld Information ====
  * The NIH continues to withhold critical documents that could shed light on the origin of the coronavirus pandemic.((February 20, 2022 | [[:The Intercept]] | [[https://theintercept.com/2022/02/20/nih-coronavirus-research-wuhan-redacted/|NIH SENT THE INTERCEPT 292 FULLY REDACTED PAGES RELATED TO VIRUS RESEARCH IN WUHAN]]))


===== Origins Hypotheses =====
Note that some of these hypotheses are not mutually exclusive.


=== Earlier Circulation Hypothesis ===
  * December 20, 2021 - Evidence for a Potential Pre-Pandemic SARS-like Coronavirus Among Animals in North America((December 20, 2021 | Trevor Hancock et al | Evidence for a Potential Pre-Pandemic SARS-like Coronavirus Among Animals in North America | [[https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.473265v1.full|doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.17.473265]]))

===Larry Romanoff Hypothesis ===

[[https://www.moonofshanghai.com/2022/03/en-larry-romanoff-covid-19-theory-i.html#more]]



==== Not China Hypothesis ====

The coronavirus may not have originated in China, says Oxford professor.((https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/the-coronavirus-may-not-have-originated-in-china-says-oxford-professor/))