Ivermectin [Campfire Wiki]

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===== Ivermectin =====

**Ivermectin** is an [[antiparasitic]] agent with [[antiviral]] properties that is approved by the FDA and the [[World Health Organization]] for a myriad of treatments. It is listed as an essential medicine by the WHO. 

The bacterium Streptomyces avermictilis was first discovered in the soils of Japan in the 1960s by Satoshi Ōmura while searching for new antibacterial agents. After some altering to improve its safety the resulting compound was dubbed ivermectin. It was first approved for use in animals in 1981 and later in 1987 for the treatment of river blindness in sub-Saharan Africa. Since then Merck Laboratories have donated billions of doses globally for the treatment of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis and other worm-caused diseases. William C. 

A paper titled 'Ivermectin, ‘Wonder drug’ from Japan: the human use perspective' by Crump & Omura.(([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3043740/ | 'Ivermectin, ‘Wonder drug’ from Japan: the human use perspective']]))

===== Ivermectin's Discovery and Recognition =====

==== 2015 Nobel Prize ====

In 2015 [[William Campbell]] and [[Satoshi Ömura]] were awarded a [[Nobel Prize]] for the drug.((https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7539925/))((https://www.isglobal.org/en/healthisglobal/-/custom-blog-portlet/ivermectina-del-suelo-a-las-lombrices-y-mas-alla/3098670/0))

===== Antiparasitic Usage =====

==== Malaria Treatment ====
Research indicates that mass administration of ivermectin lowers [[malaria]] rates with essentially no side effects.((March 13, 2019 | Brian D Foy et al | [[The Lancet]] | Efficacy and risk of harms of repeat ivermectin mass drug administrations for control of malaria (RIMDAMAL): a cluster-randomised trial | [[https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32321-3/fulltext|https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32321-3]]))

{{ ::chris_whitty_2010_ivermectin_study.png?600|}}
Effect of Ivermectin on Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes Fed on Humans: The Potential of Oral Insecticides in Malaria Control
Carlos Chaccour, Jo Lines, [[:Christopher J. M. Whitty]]
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 202, Issue 1, 1 July 2010, Pages 113–116, https://doi.org/10.1086/653208
Published: 01 July 2010

==== Veterinary Usage ====
Quote [[:Chris Whitty]]: "Ivermectin has a wide antiparasitic activity with long veterinary use [4]. When ivermectin's activity against [[Onchocerca volvulus]] was discovered, it was licensed for human use and was used in mass drug administration programs to control river blindness; it was administered to >80 million adults and children. The drug has proven to be safe. Doses up to 10 times the approved limit are well tolerated by healthy volunteers [5]. Adverse reactions are few and usually mild [6, 7]." ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220127114341/https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/202/1/113/888773?login=false))


===== Controversy During the COVID-19 Pandemic =====
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the use of ivermectin to prevent or treat [[COVID-19]] became highly controversial.

==== The Global Disinformation Campaign Against Ivermectin in COVID-19 (Part I) ==== 
Pierre Kory’s Medical Musings Substack by [[:Pierre Kory]] on January 6, 2021.

Ivermectin, a decades-old, off-patent drug costing pennies to make, with an unparalleled safety profile and numerous manufacturers across the world, actually sits atop one of the largest and strongest clinical trials evidence base in history. The existing, massive amount of clinical trials data shows immense efficacy against COVID-19 in all its phases; prevention, early and late treatment, and long-haul syndrome (no actual trials in long-haul but rather extensive positive clinical experiences). Despite this inarguable (yes, inarguable) supportive evidence, no major Western or international health agency has recommended its use in COVID-19. Conversely, ivermectin has been officially adopted for early treatment in all or part of 23 “less developed” countries (39 if you include non-government medical organizations), and which include about 25% of the world’s population.

Now, before we delve deeper into the workings of the most heinous disinformation campaign ever waged by the pharmaceutical industry in history (and also it’s most successful so far as 75% of the earth’s inhabitants still have not been recommended to use it to treat COVID), I will ask you not to just “take my word for it" but instead take you on a brief, guided tour of the insanely positive evidence base supporting the use of ivermectin in COVID-19. ((https://pierrekory.substack.com/p/the-global-disinformation-campaign))

See also ((covid-19:treatments:drug_therapies:ivermectin|Ivermectin as a treatment for COVID-19))

==== Mainstream Media Campaign ====

Touted in the mainstream press as "horse dewormer," ivermectin is that and more. It is important to take into consideration that any acceptance of ivermectin as a viable treatment for covid-19 puts at risk the vaccination campaign under [[:Emergency Use Authorization]] and all policies associated with it.

August 26 2021, the CDC issued a ((https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2021/pdf/CDC_HAN_449.pdf | Health Advisory)) titled "Rapid Increase in Ivermectin Prescriptions and Reports of Severe Illness Associated with Use of Products Containing Ivermectin to Prevent or Treat COVID-19". It later emerged that this was based on scant evidence; just three cases of alleged ivermectin side effects, two involving animal formulations. No patient died; one appeared to have been hospitalized, and one declined any medical help. 

The most serious case involved a man, seventy-seven, who had was said to have taken a dose of ivermectin “apparently meant for an 1800 lb. bovine.” He had “hallucinations and tremors, which improved but he was eventually diagnosed with COVID-19” for which he needed only supplemental oxygen.

In two other cases, a woman who took the human form of the drug was said to have suffered “some confusion.” Another woman had “subjective visual disturbances” after taking “a product meant for sheep” but declined medical help. These side effects are in keeping with what the National Institutes of Health calls a “well-tolerated” anti-parasitic drug with such adverse effects as “dizziness, pruritis, nausea, or diarrhea.”

The secondary source for the above case details is from a Michael Capuzzo Substack post [[https://rescue.substack.com/p/a-myth-is-born-how-cdc-fda-and-media | here]].

2021 August 21 [[FDA]] Twitter account even partook in the demonization of the medication with a condescending tweet saying "You are not a horse. You are not a cow. Seriously, y'all. Stop it."

The snarky FDA tweet has a link to FDA website with text that says, "Why you should not use Ivermectin to treat or prevent COVID-19 - Using the Drug ivermectin to treat COVID-19 can be dangerous and even lethal. The FDA has not approved the drug for that purpose."((https://twitter.com/us_fda/status/1429050070243192839?lang=en))((https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-you-should-not-use-ivermectin-treat-or-prevent-covid-19))

On September 1, 2021 the a story came out of of Oklahoma of an excess number of calls to poison control and hospitalizations due to individuals taking ivermectin, in particular of the horse-paste formulation.((https://www.wfla.com/community/health/coronavirus/ivermectin-causes-sterilization-in-85-percent-of-men-study-finds/))((https://trialsitenews.com/the-medias-viral-lie-about-ivermectin-overdoses-horse-medicine-dr-kory-responds-interview/))

In late September, 2021, the news broke, in [[https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/574051-new-mexico-reports-two-deaths-from-ivermectin | The Hill]] and elsewhere, that there had been two deaths from ivermectin overdoses in New Mexico. This emerged an announcement of [[https://www.facebook.com/nmdoh/videos/160174529614551/ | "ivermectin toxicity"]] from David Scrase, the top health official in the state. On December 1, 2021, Scrase ((https://www.facebook.com/nmdoh/videos/436744228007312 | back-pedalled)), calling his earlier assertions “offhand,” and admitting they were groundless. The two deaths were not caused by ivermectin after all. In fact, the two people died because they “actually just delayed their care...”.

Also in late September, 2021, the Washington Post published an article claiming that, in Mississippi, State Epidemiologist Paul Byers was claiming that “at least 70 percent of the recent calls” to the state's poison control center have been related to the ingestion of ivermectin “purchased at livestock supply centers.” In a later ((https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/08/21/mississippi-ivermectin-covid-surge-livestock/ | correction)), carried by the Post, it turns out the actual number of calls to poison control about ivermectin was about 2 percent.

On May 12, 2021, The Indian Express published ((https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/uttar-pradesh-government-says-ivermectin-helped-to-keep-deaths-low-7311786/ | an article)) entitled 'Uttar Pradesh government says early use of Ivermectin helped to keep positivity, deaths low, and with the subtitle 'Claiming that timely introduction of Ivermectin since the first wave has helped the state maintain a relatively low positivity rate despite in its high population density'.

==== Legal Cases & Regulatory Communications ====

October 28, 2021: The State Supreme Court declines to take case seeking to force hospital to administer ivermectin.((https://www.wispolitics.com/2021/state-supreme-court-declines-to-take-case-seeking-to-force-hospital-to-administer-ivermectin/)) 

December 13, 2021: A letter from the FDA appears to signal that the agency may start taking action against those offering ivermectin to treat Covid-19.((https://trialsitenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Ivermectin-Letter-to-FSMB-Final.pdf))
==== Ivermectin Horse Paste Hysterics ====

**2021 September 13** - UK [[:Guardian]] 'An Oklahoma doctor has said overdoses of the anti-parasitic drug ivermectin, which many believe without evidence can prevent or cure Covid-19, are helping cause delays and problems for rural hospitals and ambulance services struggling to cope with the resurgent pandemic."((https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/04/oklahoma-doctor-ivermectin-covid-coronavirus))


**2021 September 4** - [[:NPR]] National Public Radio

Poison control centers are seeing a dramatic surge in calls from people who are self-medicating with ivermectin, an anti-parasite drug for animals that some falsely claim treats COVID-19.((https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/09/04/1034217306/ivermectin-overdose-exposure-cases-poison-control-centers))

**2021 September**  [[:Daily Kos]]  (CIA rag)

"Tsk, tsk, tsk, Oklahomans. Hospitals are for people who refused vaccinations and are now in the ICU with intubation tubes jammed down their throats. We can only handle one bone-jarringly stupid sociological trend at a time. Maybe just, I don’t know, get the vaccine? Come on! Come join our Borg hive, Planet of the Horse People! What do you have to lose?

McElyea also told Rolling Stone that symptoms of ivermectin overdose are not limited to “ordinary” reactions such as vomiting, nausea, and muscle aches. “The scariest one that I’ve heard of and seen is people coming in with vision loss,” McElyea told the magazine.

Really, now. What do people imagine is in this vaccine that can be worse than vision-altering horse chemicals? Even if Bill Gates and [[:George Soros]] were able to track me with a microchip now, at least I can still read the magnesium content in my oat cakes."((https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2021/9/4/2050328/-Oklahoma-hospitals-overwhelmed-with-horse-paste-eaters-leaving-gunshot-victims-to-wait))

**2021 October** VICE News 

"Internal documents obtained by Motherboard through a Freedom of Information Act [[:FOIA]] request show that the federal Food and Drug Administration was absolutely delighted to do a fire tweet discouraging the use of ivermectin as a treatment for COVID-19. In internal emails, supervisors with the agency’s public affairs office congratulated the author of the tweet for their “clever (humorous)” approach, suggesting the agency will employ more humor in its desperate, often ineffective efforts to keep the American public from continuing to poison themselves with unproven treatments for the novel coronavirus."((https://www.vice.com/en/article/88nzn3/the-fda-was-internally-thrilled-over-that-viral-horse-paste-tweet))

[[:Joe Rogan]] grills [[:Sanjay Gupta]] about the lies CNN told about him taking "horse dewormer"(([[https://odysee.com/@kristall.klar:2/Joe-Rogan---Dr.-Sanjay-Gupta-on-CNN-Lying-avout-IVERMECTIN:2 | Video]]))

==== Ivermectin Global Propaganda Campaign ====

The Global Disinformation Campaign Against Ivermectin in COVID-19 (Part I)
The tactics deployed by the pharmaceutical industry in their decades-long war on generic drugs reached a zenith during COVID-19... and have resulted in true crimes against humanity. [[Substack]] by Pierre Kory

Now, before we delve deeper into the workings of the most heinous disinformation campaign ever waged by the pharmaceutical industry in history (and also it’s most successful so far as 75% of the earth’s inhabitants still have not been recommended to use it to treat COVID), I will ask you not to just “take my word for it" but instead take you on a brief, guided tour of the insanely positive evidence base supporting the use of ivermectin in COVID-19.((https://pierrekory.substack.com/p/the-global-disinformation-campaign))

A nightmarish true story of how a researcher, Dr. Andrew Hill from the University of Liverpool, who could have saved hundreds of thousands of lives, mysteriously decided not to and was called out by Dr. Tess Lawrie, an independent WHO researcher, and Director of the Evidence-based Medicine Consultancy in Bath, England.((https://rescue.substack.com/p/i-dont-know-how-you-sleep-at-night))

==== COVID Trials ====
November 2020 'Exploratory Ph I Trial of the Active IMP in Healthy Volunteers in Relation to COVID-19'((https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04632706))

//"After completion, the study confirms the safety of ivermectin up to a dose of 100 μg / kg / day in continuous administration over 1 month in healthy volunteers. No significant difference was observed between the treated volunteers and the placebo volunteers in the three cohorts studied successively (daily doses of 50 μg / kg, 75 μg / kg and 100 μg / kg respectively)."
//

2021 December  "The PRINCIPLE trial led by the [[University of Oxford]] has put the ivermectin arm of the study is on “hold” due to “temporary supply issues.”
Yeh, right..."

TrialSite has chronicled the ivermectin studies, including the important PRINCIPLE trial led by the University of Oxford. Now, interestingly, the prestigious Anglo-academic research center has announced the ivermectin arm of the study is on “hold” due to “temporary supply issues.”((https://twitter.com/RWMaloneMD/status/1471264724503478276))((https://trialsitenews.com/university-of-oxford-principle-trial-puts-ivermectin-study-arm-on-hold-purported-supply-issues/))

A real-time meta-analysis of 73 studies (as of January 2, 2022) showing that  64 percent of 50,180 patients improved after taking ivermectin for Covid-19.((https://ivmmeta.com))

Ivermectin Prophylaxis Used for COVID-19 Reduces COVID-19 Infection and Mortality Rates: A City-Wide, Prospective Observational Study of 220,517 Subjects Using Propensity Score Matching (Kerr, Flavio et al., 2021)((https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356962821_Ivermectin_Prophylaxis_Used_for_COVID-19_Reduces_COVID-19_Infection_and_Mortality_Rates_A_City-Wide_Prospective_Observational_Study_of_220517_Subjects_Using_Propensity_Score_Matching))
==== SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic ====

=== Research Gate, February 2022 === 

DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.20069.68320
Strictly regular use of ivermectin as [[:prophylaxis]] for COVID-19 leads to a 90% reduction in [[COVID-19]] mortality rate, in a dose-response manner: definitive results of a prospective observational study of a strictly controlled 223,128 population from a city-wide program in Southern Brazil.

Results-

          * Of the 7,345 cases of COVID-19, 3,034 occurred in non-users, 1,627 in sporadic users, and 289 in strict users, while the remaining cases occurred in the intermediate levels of ivermectin use. Strict users were older (p < 0.0001) and non-significant higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
  * 
  *         COVID-19 infection rate was 39% lower among strict users [4.03% infection rate; ( p < 0.0001] than in non-users (6.64% infection rate), and non-significant 11% reduction compared to sporadic users (4.54% infection rate) (n = 1,627 in each group; RR, 0.89; 95%CI 0.76 – 1.03; p = 0.11).
  * 
  *         Hospitalization rate was reduced by 100% in strict users, compared to non-users and to sporadic users, both before and after Propensity score matching ( p < 0.0001).
  * 
  *         After Propensity score matching, hospitalization rate was 35% lower among sporadic users than non-users (RR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.44 – 0.70; p = 0.03).
  * 
  *         In propensity score matched groups, multivariate-adjusted mortality rate was 90% lower in strict users compared to non-users (p = 0.003) and 79% lower than in sporadic users (p = 0.05), while sporadic users had a 37% reduction in mortality rate compared to non-users (p = 0.043). 
  * 
  *         Risk of dying from COVID-19 was 86% lower among strict users than non-users (p = 0.006) and marginally significant, 72% lower than sporadic users (p = 0.083), while sporadic users had a 51% reduction compared to non-users (p = 0.001). 
Conclusion: Non-use of ivermectin was associated with a 10-times increase in mortality risk and 7-times increased risk of dying from COVID-19, compared to strictly regular use of ivermectin in a prospectively collected, strictly controlled population.

A progressive dose-response pattern was observed between level of ivermectin use and level of protection from COVID-19 related outcomes and consistent across different levels of ivermectin use.

The results of this study clearly demonstrate that prophylactic use of ivermectin must be initiated immediately for people in high risk categories in the United States and worldwide. This includes individuals with one or more co-morbidities and the middle aged/elderly. Our “design-to-fail” government funded clinical trials for early treatment and governmental obstructionism regarding life saving treatments to patients must end now.

The CDC chart below for all deaths since the start of the outbreak clearly shows a jump in deaths after 50 years old.

However, as the data for deaths per million per age group is not disclosed, so the age for start of prophylaxis has yet to be determined.

As Omicron has less pathogenicity and slightly different disease profile this too could influence what age prophylaxis treatment should begin. But the data are in, prophylactic use of ivermectin saves lives. 
((https://rwmalonemd.substack.com/p/more-important-ivermectin-study-results))

==== Project Veritas - DoD Ivermectin Leak ====

Ivermectin 'Works Throughout All Phases' Of COVID According To Leaked Military Documents

by Tyler Durden
Wednesday, Jan 12, 2022 - 06:11 AM

Update (1505ET): As more and more information pours out of the Project Veritas leaked military documents, there appears to be a damning section in support of Ivermectin as a Covid-19 treatment.

"Ivermectin (identified as curative in April 2020) works throughout all phases of illness because it both inhibits viral replication and modulates the immune response."((https://web.archive.org/web/20220111185327/https://www.zerohedge.com/covid-19/hidden-military-documents-reveal-nih-intent-create-sars-cov-2-using-gain-function-research))

=== US Senate Investigation ===
Senator Johnson Demands Answers from DoD on Disclosure About COVID-19 Origins and Early Treatment

January 12, 2022 - WASHINGTON —

On Tuesday, U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson (R-Wis.), ranking member of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, sent a letter to Department of Defense (DOD) Secretary [[:Lloyd Austin]] and Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering Heidi Shyu demanding information on an August 2021 disclosure from U.S. Marine Corps Major Joseph Murphy.  The senator has learned that this disclosure was sent to the DOD Office of the Inspector General (OIG) and that office referred it to DoD’s Office of Research and Engineering for investigation.

The senator wrote, “According to the Major’s disclosure, [[:EcoHealth Alliance]] (EcoHealth), in conjunction with the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), submitted a proposal in March 2018 to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [[:DARPA]] regarding SARS-CoVs. The proposal included a program, called DEFUSE, that sought to use a novel chimeric SARS-CoV spike protein to inoculate bats against SARS-CoVs. Although DARPA rejected the proposal, the disclosure alleges that EcoHealth ultimately carried out the DEFUSE proposal until April 2020 through the [[:National Institutes of Health]] and [:[National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases]]. The disclosure highlights several potential treatments, such as [[:ivermectin]], and specifically alleges that the EcoHealth DEFUSE proposal identified chloroquine phosphate [[:Hydroxychloriquine]] and interferon as SARS-CoV inhibitors.” ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220113174511/https://www.ronjohnson.senate.gov/2022/1/senator-johnson-demands-answers-from-dod-on-disclosure-about-covid-19-origins-and-early-treatment))

The full text of the letter can be found here ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220114172540/https://www.ronjohnson.senate.gov/services/files/A5D718FE-B85D-40BE-824A-76FCDD5F7BDB))

{{ ::sen_ron_johnson_dod_ivermectin_gof.png |}}

[[The mechanisms of action of ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2—an extensive review|Review on the mechanisms of action]]