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-====== Ralph S. Baric, PhD ======
+====== Ralph Baric ======
 {{ ::baric.jpeg?150|}}
-Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology\\
+**Ralph S. Baric**, PhD is a Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology\\
 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Gillings School of Global Public Health\\
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 In an interview published by [[HuffPost]], Baric stated unequivocally that genetic engineering of a [[virus]] can occur with or without leaving a trace, including a potential personal signature.((September 14, 2020 | [[HuffPost]] | [[https://archive.is/6Am51#selection-1255.0-1255.91|È possibile creare un virus in laboratorio senza lasciare traccia? La risposta dell'esperto]]))
-==== Coronavirus Research ====
+==== Coronavirus Research  Timeline ====
-=== Timeline ===
+=== 1992 ===
+  * June 11, 1992 - Baric was part of a team that published research noting how rabbit coronavirus could cause [[heart]] and [[cardiovascular]] issue including [[cardiomyopathy]], [[myocardial fibrosis]], and [[congestive heart failure]].((June 11, 1992 | Lorraine Alexander et al | An Experimental Model for Dilated Cardiomyopathy after Rabbit Coronavirus Infection | [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7109931/pdf/166-5-978.pdf]]))
-== 2013 ==
+=== 2013 ===
   * Oct 17, 2013 - The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTOP) and [[Department of Health and Human Services]] announced a detailed review into [[gain-of-function]] research, and a pause on such research.((October 21, 2013 | [[The Scientist]] | [[https://www.the-scientist.com/the-nutshell/moratorium-on-gain-of-function-research-36564|Moratorium on Gain-of-Function Research]]))
   * In 2013, Baric approached [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]] researcher [[Zhengli Shi]] about performing [[gain-of-function]] research on coronaviruses, including in humanized mouse models.((June 29, 2021 | [[Technology Review]] | [[https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/06/29/1027290/gain-of-function-risky-bat-virus-engineering-links-america-to-wuhan/|Inside the risky bat-virus engineering that links America to Wuhan]]))
-== 2018 ==
+=== 2015 ===
+  * Nov 9, 2015 - A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence((November 9, 2015 | Vineet Menachery et al | [[Nature Medicine]] | A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence | [[https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3985|DOI
+https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3985]]))
+    * Baric and [[Zhengli-Li Shi]] are corresponding authors.
+    * An author correction was published on May 22, 2020 in the wake of the emergence of [[SARS-CoV-2]].((May 22, 2020 | Vineet Menachery et al | [[Nature Medicine]] | Author Correction: A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence | [[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0924-2|DOI
+https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0924-2]]))
+J Virol 2015 Sep;89(17):9119-23. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01279-15. Epub 2015 Jun 10.
+Yang Yang 1 , Chang Liu 1 , Lanying Du 2 , Shibo Jiang 3 , Zhengli Shi 4 , Ralph S Baric 5 , Fang Li  6
+Two Mutations Were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
+Abstract
+To understand how Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) transmitted from bats to humans, we compared the virus surface spikes of MERS-CoV and a related bat coronavirus, HKU4. Although HKU4 spike cannot mediate viral entry into human cells, two mutations enabled it to do so by allowing it to be activated by human proteases. These mutations are present in MERS-CoV spike, explaining why MERS-CoV infects human cells. These mutations therefore played critical roles in the bat-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV, either directly or through intermediate hosts.
+Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.((https://web.archive.org/web/20220317181935/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26063432/))
+=== 2018 ===
 [[Peter Daszak]] is listed as the [[Principle Investigator]] (PI) on the [[EcoHealth Alliance]] proposal sent to [[DARPA]] seeking a grant for the PREEMPT Program (Preventing Emerging Pathogenic Threats, HR001118S0017).  The proposal, titled //Project Defuse: Defusing the Threat of Bat-Bore Coronaviruses// sought $14,209,245. The proposal, dated March 24, 2018, was rejected by DARPA.((January 2022 | Project DEFUSE | https://assets.ctfassets.net/syq3snmxclc9/4NFC6M83ewzKLf6DvAygb4/0cf477f75646e718afb332b7ac6c3cd1/defuse-proposal_watermark_Redacted.pdf))
   * "We will sequence their spike proteins, reverse engineer them to conduct binding assays, and insert them into bat SARSr-CoV (WI1, SHC014) backbones...to infect humanized mice and assess capacity to cause SARS-like disease."
@@ Line 33: / Line 53: @@
   * The first listed subcontractor is Professor [[Ralph Baric]], referencing his "two-decade track record of reverse-engineer CoV and other virus spike proteins."
-=== CoV Vaccine Research ===
+==== Gillings School of Global Public Health 2018  ====
+:50 a.m. – 12:25 p.m.{{ ::baric_20_18_prevent_pandemic_conference.png?800|}}
+“Imagining the Next Flu Pandemic – and Preventing it!”
+Ralph Baric, PhD, Professor, Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health; Professor, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine; UNC-Chapel Hill
+Ralph Baric, PhD, presides over one of the leading labs in the world and works on infectious diseases such as [[:SARS]], [[:MERS]], [[:Ebola]], [[:Zika]], [[:Dengue Fever]] and [[:influenza]], among others. In particular, Dr. Baric and his research team specialize in [[:coronaviruses]] and emerging infections. **He uses coronaviruses as models to study the genetics of RNA virus transcription, replication, persistence and cross-species transmission.**
+Dr. Baric received the Innovation Award for Faculty Research at UNC in 2011, the Established Investigator Award from the [[:American Heart Association]] in 1994 and was selected as a Harvey Weaver Scholar by the [[:National Multiple Sclerosis Society]]. Dr. Baric uses molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches to decipher the complex interactions between the virion and cell surface molecules that function in the entry and cross-species transmission of positive-strand RNA viruses.
+Selected publications:
+      * MERS-CoV and H5N1 influenza virus antagonize antigen presentation by altering the epigenetic landscape. Menachery VD, Schäfer A, Burnum-Johnson KE, Mitchell HD, Eisfeld AJ, Walters KB, Nicora CD, Purvine SO, Casey CP, Monroe ME, Weitz KK, Stratton KG, Webb-Robertson BM, Gralinski LE, Metz TO, Smith RD, Waters KM, Sims AC, Kawaoka Y, Baric RS (2018). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(5), E1012-E1021.
+  *     Neutralization mechanism of a highly potent antibody against Zika virus. S Zhang, V Kostyuchenko, T Ng, X Lim, J Ooi, S Lambert, T Tan, D Widman, J Shi, R Baric, S Lok (2016). Nature communications, 7.
+  *     SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence. V Menachery, B Yount, A Sims, K Debbink, S Agnihothram, L Gralinski, R Graham, T Scobey, J Plante, S Royal, J Swanstrom, T Sheahan, R Pickles, D Corti, S Randell, A Lanzavecchia, W Marasco, R Baric (2016). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
+  *     A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence. V Menachery, B Yount, K Debbink, S Agnihothram, L Gralinski, J Plante, R Graham, T Scobey, X Ge, E Donaldson, S Randell, A Lanzavecchia, W Marasco, Z Shi, R Baric (2015). Nature medicine, 21(12), 1508-13.
+  *     Broad Blockade Antibody Responses in Human Volunteers after Immunization with a Multivalent Norovirus VLP Candidate Vaccine: Immunological Analyses from a Phase I Clinical Trial. Lisa Lindesmith, Martin Ferris, Clancy Mullan, Jennifer Ferreira, Kari Debbink, Jesica Swanstrom, Charles Richardson, Robert Goodwin, Frank Baehner, Paul Mendelman, Robert Bargatze, Ralph Baric (2015). PLoS Medicine, 12(3).
+:25-12:40 p.m. - Moderated questions/discussion and wrap-up ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220908165230/https://sph.unc.edu/cphm/imagining-the-next-flu-pandemic-and-preventing-it/))
+==== CoV Vaccine Research ====
 Baric helped develop the [[Moderna]] [[mRNA]] [[COVID-19 vaccine]].((December 26, 2021 | News Observer | [[https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/article256732472.html|UNC Researcher Ralph Baric is 2021 Tar Heel of the Year]]))
   * Dec 12, 2019 - Baric receives CoV vaccine candidates from [[pharmaceutical corporations|Moderna]]. This was 19 days before official recognition of the [[SARS-CoV-2]] outbreak.((June 20, 2021 | [[Great Game India]] | [[https://greatgameindia.com/moderna-vaccine-north-carolina-university/|Secret Docs Reveal Moderna Sent Coronavirus Vaccine To North Carolina University Weeks Before Pandemic]]))
@@ Line 46: / Line 86: @@
   * US9884895B2: Methods and compositions for chimeric coronavirus spike proteins, specifically referencing SARS CoV by name over 100 times.((February 6, 2018 | patent for Methods and compositions for chimeric coronavirus spike proteins| [[https://patents.google.com/patent/US9884895B2/en|Patent US9884895B2]]))
-==== Awards, Prizes, and Shiny Trinkets ====
+==== Investigations ====
+On April 18, 2022, [[US Right to Know]] filed a complaint with the UNC to release documents pertaining to Baric's work with the [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]].((April 18, 2022 | [[US Right to Know]] | [[chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/USRTK-v-University-of-North-Carolina-complaint.pdf]]))
+===== Awards, Prizes, and Shiny Trinkets =====
 Baric received the 2021 O. Max Gardner Award which goes to a member of the [[University of North Carolina]] System faculty member "who has made a great contribution to the welfare of the human race."((2021 | [[University of North Carolina]] | [[https://www.unc.edu/universityday/o-max-gardner/|Ralph Baric, William R. Kenan Jr., Distinguished Professor at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health]]))
-====Research Details Removed From Faculty Profile====
+==== Research Details Removed From Faculty Profile ====
 Research
@@ Line 85: / Line 128: @@
-==== Role in COVID Origins Scandal ====
+===== Pandemics =====
+Baric's career depends on funding associated with concern over [[pandemic|pandemics]], and [[biowarfare]].
+==== Talks On Pandemics ====
+  * Imagining the Next Flu Pandemic--and Preventing It!((April, 2018 | Ralph Baric | [[https://sph.unc.edu/nciph/1918-flu-symposium/|UNC Going Viral Conference]] | "Imagining the Next Flu Pandemic--and Preventing It!" | [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuERPvBFfco|Video at YouTube]]))
+==== Controversy During the COVID-19 Pandemic ====
+=== USRTK FOIA Archive ===
+Ralph Baric emails batch #1 (12.14.20) (83,416 pages). Dr. Ralph Baric’s emails with EcoHealth Alliance, Wuhan Institute of Virology, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and experts in biodefense and infectious diseases.((https://www.dropbox.com/sh/6fbnvgw2i2a2ksv/AADfQOIVnUTvN3pJLmjr8irEa?dl=0))
+=== Congressional Investigation ===
+COVID Timeline with summary details at [[Peter Daszak]]. Full Report ((https://web.archive.org/web/20210802165023/https://gop-foreignaffairs.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ORIGINS-OF-COVID-19-REPORT.pdf))
+=== Foreign Affairs Subcommittee Summary ===
+“As we continued our investigation into the origins of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], we uncovered even more disturbing evidence about the [[Chinese Communist Party]]’s (CCP) coverup and [[WHO Director General Tedros]]’s gross mishandling of the virus that allowed it to turn into a deadly pandemic,” said Lead Republican [[Michael McCaul]]. “It is crystal clear that had the CCP been transparent, and had the head of the WHO cared more about global health than appeasing the CCP, lives could have been spared and widespread economic devastation could have been mitigated. Revealing the truth is just the first step; we must hold both the CCP and WHO Director General Tedros accountable for the suffering they have allowed the world to endure.”((https://web.archive.org/web/20210803114834/https://gop-foreignaffairs.house.gov/blog/mccaul-releases-final-report-on-origins-of-covid-19-pandemic/ | McCaul Final Report))
+== Washington Post OpEd ==
+New congressional report says covid-19 likely emerged in Wuhan months earlier than originally thought
+by Josh Rogin Columnist
+Nineteen months after the start of the pandemic, the Chinese government continues to actively thwart a real investigation into the origins of covid-19. Now, a new GOP congressional report alleges that Beijing was covering up the outbreak for months longer than previously assumed.
+The House Foreign Affairs Committee minority staff, led by ranking Republican Michael McCaul (Tex.), released Monday an 84-page addendum to their previously issued report on the origins of covid-19. Their new research focuses on whether the Wuhan Institute of Virology, the world’s leading bat coronavirus research center, as well as other labs in Wuhan, could have been the source of the outbreak. The report also presents extensive evidence that the international community may need to revise its timeline of the outbreak.
+The Lancet commission on covid-19 removed Daszak from its team focusing on the origins of the pandemic after Daszak filed an updated conflict of interest statement about his collaboration with the Wuhan labs. McCaul wants him to be subpoenaed to testify and is demanding the EcoHealth Alliance hand over its relevant records to Congress.((https://web.archive.org/web/20210802234108/http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/08/02/new-report-says-covid-emerged-in-wuhan-months-earlier/))
+=== Lab Leak Coverup ===
+In April 2021, in an editorial in the journal Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Shi resorted to a familiar tactic to contain the cloud of suspicion enveloping her: She invoked scientific consensus, just as the Lancet statement had. “The scientific community strongly dismisses these unproven and misleading speculations and generally accepts that SARS-CoV-2 has a natural origin and was selected either in an animal host before zoonotic transfer, or in humans following zoonotic transfer,” she wrote.
-Congressional Investigation and COVID Timeline with summary details at [[Peter Daszak]]. Full Report ((https://web.archive.org/web/20210802165023/https://gop-foreignaffairs.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ORIGINS-OF-COVID-19-REPORT.pdf))
+But Shi’s editorial had no muzzling effect. On May 14, in a statement published in Science Magazine, 18 prominent scientists called for a “transparent, objective” investigation into COVID-19’s origins, noting, “We must take hypotheses about both natural and laboratory spillovers seriously until we have sufficient data.”
-===== Biosafety at University of North Carolina (UNC) =====
+Among the signers was Ralph Baric. Fifteen months earlier, he had worked behind the scenes to help Peter Daszak stage-manage the Lancet statement. The scientific consensus had been smashed to smithereens.((https://web.archive.org/web/20210603100523/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/06/the-lab-leak-theory-inside-the-fight-to-uncover-covid-19s-origins))
+=== Biosafety at University of North Carolina (UNC) ===
-=== Engineered COVID-19-Infected Mouse Bites Researcher Amid ‘Explosion’ of Risky Coronavirus Research ===
+== Engineered COVID-19-Infected Mouse Bites Researcher Amid ‘Explosion’ of Risky Coronavirus Research ==
 by Jonathan Latham August 17, 2020
@@ Line 113: / Line 188: @@
 In part this is because the minutes of the relevant IBC meeting (May 6th, 2020, p109) are extremely brief. They do not provide any details of the fate of the bitten researcher. Nor do they state, for example, whether the researcher developed an active infection, nor whether they developed symptoms, nor if they transmitted the recombinant virus to anyone else. Neither do they reveal what kind of [[recombinant virus]] was being used or the purpose of the experiment. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220120184413/https://www.independentsciencenews.org/news/engineered-covid-19-infected-mouse-bites-researcher-amid-explosion-of-risky-coronavirus-research/))
-=== Redactions of Biosafety Committee discussions ===
+== Redactions of Biosafety Committee discussions ==
 The second reason for this lack of information is that the UNC redacted the names of [[Principal Investigators]] (PIs) whose research required biosafety scrutiny, along with many of the experimental specifics.
@@ Line 141: / Line 216: @@
-====Twitter ====
+=== Wuhan BSL Connection ===
+Inside the risky bat-virus engineering that links America to Wuhan
+China emulated US techniques to construct novel coronaviruses in unsafe conditions.
+MIT Technology Review By  Rowan Jacobsen - June 29, 2021
+His 2015 paper, “A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence,” was a tour de force, utilizing bleeding-edge genetic technology to alert the civilized world to a looming danger on its periphery. It also revived concerns about [[:gain-of-function]] experiments, which Baric had known it would. In the paper, he spelled out the extra precautions he’d taken and held up the research as a test case. “The potential to prepare for and mitigate future outbreaks must be weighed against the risk of creating more dangerous pathogens,” he wrote. “Scientific review panels may deem similar studies building chimeric viruses based on circulating strains too risky to pursue.”
+The NIH decided the risk was worth it. In a potentially fateful decision, it funded work similar to Baric’s at the [[:Wuhan Institute of Virology]], which soon used its own reverse-genetics technology to make numerous coronavirus chimeras.
+Unnoticed by most, however, was a key difference that significantly shifted the risk calculation. The Chinese work was carried out at biosafety level 2 (BSL-2), a much lower tier than Baric’s BSL-3+.((https://web.archive.org/web/20220207131353/https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/06/29/1027290/gain-of-function-risky-bat-virus-engineering-links-america-to-wuhan))
+=== Did Ralph Baric of UNC Design Omicron? ===
+"COVID Bioweapon Against Mice" Patent 11225508
+March 30, 2022 by Igor Chudov
+This article will show that Omicron is likely an outgrowth of experiments to develop a Covid-19 variant causing serious disease in wild-type mice, and point at the person and the lab who was documented doing just that — Ralph Baric of UNC.
+To give you a preview - {{ ::baric_omicron_nature_2022.png?400|}}
+      * Omicron is very unlikely to be a product of natural evolution of SARS-Cov-2 in infected people.
+  *
+  *     While the original Sars-Cov-2 could NOT infect wild-type mice, Omicron readily does infect wild mice.
+  *
+  *     It would take a very long time to naturally evolve Sars-Cov-2 to infect wild, non-humanized mice, without laboratory involvement.
+  *
+  *     Baric’s article in Nature describes steps to genetically edit and develop a genome for such a mouse-infecting virus, derived from Wuhan Sars-Cov-2.
+  *
+  *     Ralph Baric’s UNC owns US patent 11,225,508, which describes how he made a lab-made Covid-19 variant that infects mice and causes serious disease in mice (making Baric’s patented invention a bioweapon by definition).
+  *
+  *     This patent by Baric makes UNC the only organization with a legal monopoly on his method of creating murine/human variants of Sars-Cov-2 due to patent protection
+  *
+  *     Baric tested that his Mouse-Adapted (MA) virus is still capable of infecting human cells
+  *
+  *     Baric also tested whether the new mouse-adapted variant could evade existing spike protein vaccines.
+  *
+  *     Any design of mouse-adapted version of Sars-Cov-2, like Omicron, could only be done with UNC’s permission due to patent protection.
+  *
+Let’s explore this if you are interested in details ((https://igorchudov.substack.com/p/did-ralph-baric-of-unc-design-omicron?s=r))
+==== Twitter ====
@@ Line 899: / Line 1014: @@
 . Anna LoBue (Micro) PhD 2008
 . Eric Donaldson (Micro) PhD 2008
-. Timothy Sheehan (Micro) PhD 2008
+. Timothy Sheehan (Micro) PhD 2008 ((https://web.archive.org/web/20200329095613/https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/cc4e5e5d442320c20c7f76a0c3cadce51445358867.pdf))
+===== Ralph Baric Patents Filed =====
+=== 2006===
+Publication number: 20060240530
+Abstract: The present invention provides a cDNA of a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, recombinant SARS coronavirus vectors, and SARS coronavirus replicon particles. Also provided are methods of making the compositions of this invention and methods of using the compositions as immunogens and/or vaccines and/or to express heterologous nucleic acids.
+Type: Application
+Filed: January 19, 2006
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Rhonda Roberts, Boyd Yount, Kristopher Curtis
+=== 2014 ===
+Methods and compositions for dengue virus vaccines
+Patent number: 10053493
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce an epitope that is recognized by an antibody from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.
+Type: Grant
+Filed: June 26, 2014
+Date of Patent: August 21, 2018
+Assignee: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
+Inventors: William Messer, Ralph Baric, Aravinda de Silva, Boyd Yount
+METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CORONAVIRUS DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPEUTICS
+Publication number: 20160238601
+Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for detecting a coronavirus in a sample and identifying the subgroup of the coronavirus in the sample.
+Type: Application
+Filed: October 14, 2014
+Publication date: August 18, 2016
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Sudhakar Agnihothram, Boyd Yount
+=== 2015 ===
+Methods and compositions for recombinant dengue viruses for vaccine and diagnostic development
+Patent number: 10398768
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce an epitope that is recognized by an antibody from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.
+Type: Grant
+Filed: November 2, 2015
+Date of Patent: September 3, 2019
+Assignee: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Douglas Widman, Boyd Yount, Emily Gallichotte, Scott Royal, Aravinda Desilva, Jesica Swanstrom
+Methods and compositions for chimeric coronavirus spike proteins
+Patent number: 9884895
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods comprising a chimeric coronavirus spike protein.
+Type: Grant
+Filed: March 20, 2015
+Date of Patent: February 6, 2018
+Assignee: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Sudhakar Agnihothram, Boyd Yount
+METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOMBINANT DENGUE VIRUSES FOR VACCINE AND DIAGNOSTIC DEVELOPMENT
+Publication number: 20170333548
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce an epitope that is recognized by an antibody from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.
+Type: Application
+Filed: November 2, 2015
+Publication date: November 23, 2017
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Douglas Widman, Boyd Yount, Emily Gallichotte, Scott Royal, Aravinda Desilva, Jesica Swanstrom
+METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR CHIMERIC CORONAVIRUS SPIKE PROTEINS
+Publication number: 20170096455
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods comprising a chimeric coronavirus spike protein.
+Type: Application
+Filed: March 20, 2015
+Publication date: April 6, 2017
+Applicant: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Sudhakar Agnihothram, Boyd Yount
+Methods and compositions for recombinant dengue viruses for vaccine and diagnostic development
+Patent number: 10398768
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce an epitope that is recognized by an antibody from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.
+Type: Grant
+Filed: November 2, 2015
+Date of Patent: September 3, 2019
+Assignee: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Douglas Widman, Boyd Yount, Emily Gallichotte, Scott Royal, Aravinda Desilva, Jesica Swanstrom
+=== 2018 ===
+Methods and compositions for dengue virus vaccines
+Patent number: 10870682
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce an epitope that is recognized by an antibody from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.
+Type: Grant
+Filed: August 20, 2018
+Date of Patent: December 22, 2020
+Assignee: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
+Inventors: William Messer, Ralph Baric, Aravinda de Silva, Boyd Yount
+METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPE 4 EPITOPES
+Publication number: 20200155663
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce a dengue virus E glycoprotein epitope from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.
+Type: Application
+Filed: May 23, 2018
+Publication date: May 21, 2020
+Inventors: Ralph BARIC, Matthew BEGLEY, Douglas WIDMAN, Aravinda DESILVA, Usha NIVARTHI, Boyd YOUNT, Ellen YOUNG
+METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR DENGUE VIRUS VACCINES
+Publication number: 20190225654
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce an epitope that is recognized by an antibody from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.
+Type: Application
+Filed: August 20, 2018
+Publication date: July 25, 2019
+Inventors: William Messer, Ralph Baric, Aravinda de Silva, Boyd Yount
+METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR ZIKA VIRUS VACCINES
+Publication number: 20190023745
+Abstract: The present invention methods and compositions for treating a Zika virus infection in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody against Zika virus and/or an epitope that induces an immune response to Zika virus.
+Type: Application
+Filed: July 19, 2018
+Publication date: January 24, 2019
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Jessica A. Plante, Jesica Swanstrom, Matthew Begley
-https://web.archive.org/web/20200329095613/https://media-speakerfile-pre.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/cc4e5e5d442320c20c7f76a0c3cadce51445358867.pdf
+=== 2019 ===
+METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR RECOMBINANT DENGUE VIRUSES FOR VACCINE AND DIAGNOSTIC DEVELOPMENT
+Publication number: 20200230224
+Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce an epitope that is recognized by an antibody from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.
+Type: Application
+Filed: August 29, 2019
+Publication date: July 23, 2020
+Inventors: Ralph Baric, Douglas Widman, Boyd Yount, Emily Gallichotte, Scott Royal, Aravinda Desilva, Jesica Swanstrom ((https://web.archive.org/web/20210214225023/https://patents.justia.com/inventor/ralph-baric))
+{{tag>Pro-narrative_scientists}}