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--- covid-19 [2022/05/16 11:14]
mathew ===== Unusual Aspects of COVID-19 =====
+++ covid-19 [2022/09/29 06:04] (current)
mathew
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 ====== COVID-19 ======
-**Coronavirus disease 2019** or **COVID-19** is a [[disease]] first associated with some people infected with the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus and later associated with some recipients of the [[COVID-19 vaccines]].
+**Coronavirus disease 2019** or **COVID-19** is a [[disease]] first associated with some people infected with the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus and later associated with some recipients of the [[COVID-19 vaccines]]. In early 2020, the [[World Health Organization]] declared a [[COVID-19 pandemic]].
 ===== COVID-19 Cases =====
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 The bile tract plays a role in interleukin-8 cytokin storming.
+==== Skin and Subcutaneous ====
+Some suffers of COVID-19 suffer lesions on fingers, toes, and knees.((March 8, 2022 | A Bassi et al | J Eujr Acad Dermatol Venereol | Not only toes and fingers: COVID vaccine-induced chilblain-like lesions of the knees | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35188988/|doi: 10.1111/jdv.18025]]))
 ==== PACS/Long Haul COVID-19 ====
@@ Line 54: / Line 57: @@
 ===== Major COVID-19 Correlates and Comorbidities =====
   * [[Age]]
+  * [[Blood Clots]]
   * [[Body Mass Index]]
   * [[Diabetes]]
@@ Line 61: / Line 64: @@
   * [[Immunodeficiency]]
   * [[Mental Illness]]/[[Learning Disabilities]]
+  * [[Poverty]]
   * [[Race]]/[[Ethnicity ]]
   * [[Vitamin]] and [[Mineral]] Deficiencies
   * Other Correlates of Interest
+==== COVID-19 Vaccine-Associations ====
+A study of data of vaccinated patients who suffered from COVID-19, taking data from the QResearch database on patients from December 8, 2020 to June 15, 2021, showed,
+  * 74.1% had at least two doses.
+  * Down's syndrome OR: 12.7x
+  * Kidney transplant OR: 8.1x
+  * Sickle Cell disease OR: 7.7x
+  * Care Residency home OR: 4.1x
+  * Chemotherapy OR: 4.3x
+  * HIV/AIDS OR: 3.3x
+  * Liver cirrhosis OR: 3.0x
+  * Neurological conditions OR: 2.6x
+  * Organ transplant (recent) OR: 2.5x
+  * Dementia OR: 2.2x
+  * Parkinson's disease OR: 2.2x
+((September, 2021 | Julia Hippisley-Cox et al | BMJ | Risk prediction of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in adults after covid-19 vaccination: national prospective cohort study | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34535466/|DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2244]]))
 ==== COVID-19 and Age ====
@@ Line 72: / Line 92: @@
 ==== COVID-19 and Autoimmune Health ====
 Autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency might be described as the "primary COVID-19 correlate and comorbidity", but is strangely underdiscussed by [[public health]] officials and the [[mainstream media]].
+==== COVID-19 and Blood Clots ====
+It has been noted that blood clotting is associated with worse outcomes for COVID-19 patients,((April 21, 2020 | Medical Xpress | [[https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-04-tiny-blood-clots-covid-lethal.html|Could tiny blood clots make COVID-19 more lethal?]])) though it is not clear whether blood clotting results in more severe COVID-19, whether COVID-19 causes the clots in some patients---or which patients those would be.
 ==== COVID-19 and Blood Type ====
@@ Line 81: / Line 104: @@
 ==== COVID-19 and Diabetes ====
+==== COVID-19 and Household/Family Factors ====
+Researchers studying data from March 2020 in New York City found a positive association between COVID-19 and overcrowded and multigenerational households.((September, 2021 | Ghosh et al | Public Health (journal) | Association between overcrowded households, multigenerational households, and COVID-19: a cohort study | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34492508/|doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.039]]))
 ==== COVID-19 and Mental Illness/Learning Disabilities ====
-Published research shows that when mental illness and learning disabilities are considered comorbidities, they are the most common among those who die from COVID-19 in hospitals.((April 29, 2022 | Beaney et al | Nature Communications | Trends and associated factors for Covid-19 hospitalisation and fatality risk in 2.3 million adults in England | [[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29880-7|https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29880-7]])) This has driven speculation that hospitals targeted the mentally ill for termination.((May 8, 2022 | Ashmedai | [[https://ashmedai.substack.com/p/recently-published-study-in-nature?s=r|Recently Published Study in Nature: The Deadliest Covid Comorbidity Is... 'Severe Mental Illness and Learning Disability']]))
+Published research shows that when mental illness and learning disabilities are considered comorbidities, they are the most common among those who die from COVID-19 in hospitals.((April 29, 2022 | Beaney et al | Nature Communications | Trends and associated factors for Covid-19 hospitalisation and fatality risk in 2.3 million adults in England | [[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29880-7|https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29880-7]])) This has driven speculation that hospitals targeted the mentally ill for termination.((May 8, 2022 | Ashmedai | [[https://ashmedai.substack.com/p/recently-published-study-in-nature?s=r|Recently Published Study in Nature: The Deadliest Covid Comorbidity Is... 'Severe Mental Illness and Learning Disability']])) An early study from July 2021 found mental illness to be the most associated risk factor for mortality in 16 observational studies in the 7 nations Denmark, France, Israel, South Korea, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States.((July 27, 2021 | Fond et al | JAMA Psychiatry | Association Between Mental Health Disorders and Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 in 7 Countries
+A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | [[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2782457|DOI: 78(11):1208-1217. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2274]]))
+  * Mental disorders and risk of COVID-19-related mortality, hospitalisation, and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis((September, 2021 | Vai et al | Lancet Psychiatry | Mental disorders and risk of COVID-19-related mortality, hospitalisation, and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis | [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8285121/|doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00232-7]]))
+  * COVID-19-Related Mortality Risk in People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic and Critical Review((January 13, 2022 | De Hert et al | Frontiers Psychology | COVID-19-Related Mortality Risk in People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic and Critical Review | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35095612/|doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.798554]]))
+==== COVID-19 and Poverty ====
+When poverty is considered, it turns out to have the second-highest comorbidity risk to age.((December 1, 2020 | Helen Salisbury | [[BMJ]] | Helen Salisbury: Poverty as a pre-existing condition | [[https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4607|doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4607]]
 ==== COVID-19 and Race ====
@@ Line 114: / Line 147: @@
 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with amyloidogenic proteins: Potential clues to neurodegeneration: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7988450/
+=== Other (Imported--Organize needed) ===
+Most common comorbidities (one hospital, Berlin):
+Hypertension
+Ischemic heart disease
+Obesity
+[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895917/|Causes of death and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19]]
+Most common comorbidities (larger study, global data)
+Hypertension (27,4%)
+Diabetes (17,4%)
+CVD (8,9%)
+Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7,5%)
+Cancer (3,5%)
+Chronic kidney disease (2,6%)
+[[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32659414/|Prevalence of comorbidities among individuals with COVID-19: A rapid review of current literature]]
+Autopsy study of first 80 consecutive cases in Germany, relevant comorbidities (in descending order of frequency): (1) diseases of the cardiovascular system, (2) lung diseases, (3) central nervous system diseases, (4) kidney diseases, and (5) diabetes mellitus:
+[[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32500199/|Dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection-an autopsy study of the first consecutive 80 cases in Hamburg, Germany]]
+Myocarditis rare in COVID-19 autopsies:
+Initial review of the data indicate that myocarditis was present in 20 hearts (7.2%); however, closer examination of additional reported information revealed that most cases were likely not functionally significant and the true prevalence of myocarditis is likely much lower (<2%).
+[[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33132119/|Myocarditis is rare in COVID-19 autopsies: cardiovascular findings across 277 postmortem examinations]]
+Johan observes: if that bit on myocarditis holds, I suppose that would be a possible candidate for a ... comorbidity divergence.
+Maybe this divergence explains what we are seeing in young, fit [[https://rudd-o.com/archives/noticed-how-many-young-athletes-are-collapsing-into-sudden-death-lately|athletes suffering from heart conditions.]]
 ===== Unusual Aspects of COVID-19 =====