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sars-cov-2 [2022/04/07 09:29]
mathew 		sars-cov-2 [2022/09/19 04:39] (current)
pamela
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 ====== SARS-CoV-2 ====== ====== SARS-CoV-2 ======
  
-{{ ::screen_shot_2022-03-03_at_3.16.04_am.png?200|}}+{{ ::screen_shot_2022-03-03_at_3.16.04_am.png?400|}}
  
 **SARS-CoV-2** is a humanborne [[coronavirus]] in the //[[betacoronavirus]]// family. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 led to the [[SARS-CoV-2 pandemic]] to be declared by the [[World Health Organization]]. **SARS-CoV-2** is a humanborne [[coronavirus]] in the //[[betacoronavirus]]// family. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 led to the [[SARS-CoV-2 pandemic]] to be declared by the [[World Health Organization]].
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 The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a close genetic relative of two other infamous viruses from recent history: [[SARS-CoV-1|SARS-CoV]] and [[MERS-CoV]].((Rabaan, A. A., Al-Ahmed, S. H., Haque, S., Sah, R., Tiwari, R., Malik, Y. S., Dhama, K., Yatoo, M. I., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). //SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview.// Le infezioni in medicina, 28(2), 174–184.)) The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a close genetic relative of two other infamous viruses from recent history: [[SARS-CoV-1|SARS-CoV]] and [[MERS-CoV]].((Rabaan, A. A., Al-Ahmed, S. H., Haque, S., Sah, R., Tiwari, R., Malik, Y. S., Dhama, K., Yatoo, M. I., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). //SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview.// Le infezioni in medicina, 28(2), 174–184.))
  
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 +{{ ::sars-cov-2_genome_match_2015_studies.png?400|}}
 Related Pages: Related Pages:
   * [[SARS-CoV-2:Origins]]   * [[SARS-CoV-2:Origins]]
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   * [[SARS-CoV-2:Variants]]   * [[SARS-CoV-2:Variants]]
     * [[SARS-CoV-2:Omicron]]     * [[SARS-CoV-2:Omicron]]
- +  * [[COVID-19]] 
 +    * [[COVID-19 Pandemic]] 
 +    * [[COVID-19 Vaccines]] 
 +threadreader for inage ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220917230646/https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1571168157754089479.html))
 ===== SARS-CoV-2 Viral Mechanisms and Characteristics ===== ===== SARS-CoV-2 Viral Mechanisms and Characteristics =====
 SARS-CoV-2 is a positively charged, single-stranded [[RNA virus]]. SARS-CoV-2 is a positively charged, single-stranded [[RNA virus]].
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 ==== Pathology ==== ==== Pathology ====
   * Dec, 2020 - Liao et al; SARS-CoV-2 in the bile of a patient with COVID-19-associated gallbladder disease.((December, 2020 | Liao et al | Endoscopy (journal) | SARS-CoV-2 in the bile of a patient with COVID-19-associated gallbladder disease | [[https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-1290-7446|doi: 10.1055/a-1290-7446]]))   * Dec, 2020 - Liao et al; SARS-CoV-2 in the bile of a patient with COVID-19-associated gallbladder disease.((December, 2020 | Liao et al | Endoscopy (journal) | SARS-CoV-2 in the bile of a patient with COVID-19-associated gallbladder disease | [[https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-1290-7446|doi: 10.1055/a-1290-7446]]))
 +
 +Researchers have found in autopsies that SARS-CoV-2 does get into brain tissue, and can be present for months after infection, though inflammation outside of the lungs was mild.((December 20, 2021 | Daniel Chertow et al | Nature Portfolio (journal) | SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence throughout the human body and brain | [[https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1139035/v1|doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1139035/v1]]))
 +
 +See [[SARS-CoV-2:Spike Protein]] for a discussion of [[:toxins]].
  
 ==== Transmission and Infectivity ==== ==== Transmission and Infectivity ====
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 == Infectivity in Animal Hosts == == Infectivity in Animal Hosts ==
 +[[https://vis.csh.ac.at/sars-ani/#infections|COVID-19 animal infection tracker]]
 +
 Numerous animals aside from humans have been noted to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comparative and structural analysis on 410 vertebrate species predicts a broad host range for infection, specifically among mammals.((September 8, 2020 | Damas et al | [[:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|PNAS]] | [[https://www.pnas.org/content/117/36/22311|doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010146117]])) Numerous animals aside from humans have been noted to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comparative and structural analysis on 410 vertebrate species predicts a broad host range for infection, specifically among mammals.((September 8, 2020 | Damas et al | [[:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|PNAS]] | [[https://www.pnas.org/content/117/36/22311|doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010146117]]))
 One study still in preprint found SARS-CoV-2 moving rapidly into white-tailed deer populations in North America, with over 80% of the deer testing PCR positive for the virus by early 2021.((November 6, 2021 | Kuchipudi et al | preprint | [[https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466677v2|doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.31.466677]])) One study still in preprint found SARS-CoV-2 moving rapidly into white-tailed deer populations in North America, with over 80% of the deer testing PCR positive for the virus by early 2021.((November 6, 2021 | Kuchipudi et al | preprint | [[https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466677v2|doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.31.466677]]))
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 === Reinfections === === Reinfections ===
 +During the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians and scientists found that reinfections were extremely rare.((May 19, 2020 | ScienceNews.org | [[https://www.sciencenews.org/article/coronavirus-covid19-reinfection-immune-response|New data suggest people aren’t getting reinfected with the coronavirus]]))
 +
 During the omicron era, reinfections are rapidly on the rise.((March 21, 2022 | [[:Igor Chudov]] | [[https://igorchudov.substack.com/p/uk-short-term-reinfections-exploding?s=r|UK: Short-term Reinfections Exploding]])) During the omicron era, reinfections are rapidly on the rise.((March 21, 2022 | [[:Igor Chudov]] | [[https://igorchudov.substack.com/p/uk-short-term-reinfections-exploding?s=r|UK: Short-term Reinfections Exploding]]))
 +
 +=== Transference of Immunity ===
 +Scientists have noted evidence for aerosol transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity.((May 1, 2022 | Kedl et al | preprint | Evidence for Aerosol Transfer of SARS-CoV2-specific Humoral Immunity | [[https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443v1.full#F1|doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.28.22274443]]))
 +
  
  
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 ==== COVID-19 ==== ==== COVID-19 ====
-SARS-CoV-2 is a cause of [[COVID-19]], a disease with wide ranging characteristics primarily affecting the respiratory and vascular sysems.+SARS-CoV-2 is a cause of [[COVID-19]], a disease with wide ranging characteristics primarily affecting the [[respiratory]] and [[vascular]] systems.
  
 ==== Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Infection ==== ==== Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Infection ====
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 See more at [[SARS-CoV-2:Variants|SARS-CoV-2 Variants]] See more at [[SARS-CoV-2:Variants|SARS-CoV-2 Variants]]
  
 +===== Controversies =====
  
-===== SARS-CoV-2 Origins Story Controversy =====+==== SARS-CoV-2 Origins Story Controversy ====
 The [[SARS-CoV-2:origins|origins of SARS-CoV-2]] are shrowded in mystery, including whether the virus is zoonotic or manmade, or was released accidentially or intentionaly. The [[SARS-CoV-2:origins|origins of SARS-CoV-2]] are shrowded in mystery, including whether the virus is zoonotic or manmade, or was released accidentially or intentionaly.
 +
 +==== Retracted Research ====
 +Many papers have been retracted during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Here are some that relate specifically to SARS-CoV-2, though others may be found at [[Retraction Watch]].
 +  * SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro((October 13, 2021 | Jiang and Mei | Viruses (journal) | SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34696485/|doi: 10.3390/v13102056]]))
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