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====== SARS-CoV-2 ====== | ====== SARS-CoV-2 ====== | ||
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**SARS-CoV-2** is a humanborne [[coronavirus]] in the // | **SARS-CoV-2** is a humanborne [[coronavirus]] in the // | ||
+ | SARS-CoV-2 stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. It is named as such due to its relative similarity to the [[SARS-CoV-1|SARS coronavirus]] that led to a public health emergency in parts of the world in 2003.((Wu, Y., Ho, W., Huang, Y., Jin, D.-Y., Li, S., Liu, S.-L., Liu, X., Qiu, J., Sang, Y., Wang, Q., Yuen, K.-Y., & Zheng, Z.-M. (2020). // | ||
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+ | The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a close genetic relative of two other infamous viruses from recent history: [[SARS-CoV-1|SARS-CoV]] and [[MERS-CoV]].((Rabaan, | ||
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Related Pages: | Related Pages: | ||
* [[SARS-CoV-2: | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
+ | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
* [[SARS-CoV-2: | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
* [[SARS-CoV-2: | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
* [[SARS-CoV-2: | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
- | + | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | |
+ | * [[COVID-19]] | ||
+ | * [[COVID-19 Pandemic]] | ||
+ | * [[COVID-19 Vaccines]] | ||
+ | threadreader for inage ((https:// | ||
===== SARS-CoV-2 Viral Mechanisms and Characteristics ===== | ===== SARS-CoV-2 Viral Mechanisms and Characteristics ===== | ||
SARS-CoV-2 is a positively charged, single-stranded [[RNA virus]]. | SARS-CoV-2 is a positively charged, single-stranded [[RNA virus]]. | ||
==== Features ==== | ==== Features ==== | ||
+ | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
* [[SARS-CoV-2: | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
* [[SARS-CoV-2: | * [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
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==== Pathology ==== | ==== Pathology ==== | ||
* Dec, 2020 - Liao et al; SARS-CoV-2 in the bile of a patient with COVID-19-associated gallbladder disease.((December, | * Dec, 2020 - Liao et al; SARS-CoV-2 in the bile of a patient with COVID-19-associated gallbladder disease.((December, | ||
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+ | Researchers have found in autopsies that SARS-CoV-2 does get into brain tissue, and can be present for months after infection, though inflammation outside of the lungs was mild.((December 20, 2021 | Daniel Chertow et al | Nature Portfolio (journal) | SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence throughout the human body and brain | [[https:// | ||
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+ | See [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
==== Transmission and Infectivity ==== | ==== Transmission and Infectivity ==== | ||
Nearly two years into the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], some aspects of transmission is still debated. Contact tracing research out of [[China]] showed no asymptomatic viral transmission at all.((November 20, 2020 | Cao et al | [[Nature Communications]] | [[https:// | Nearly two years into the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], some aspects of transmission is still debated. Contact tracing research out of [[China]] showed no asymptomatic viral transmission at all.((November 20, 2020 | Cao et al | [[Nature Communications]] | [[https:// | ||
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+ | Further reading: | ||
+ | * Jan 7, 2021 - Johansson et al; Asymptomatic and presymptomatic spread 25% less.((January 7, 2021 | Johansson et al | [[JAMA Network]] | SARS-CoV-2 Transmission From People Without COVID-19 Symptoms | [[https:// | ||
=== Aerosolization and Transmissibility === | === Aerosolization and Transmissibility === | ||
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== Indoor/ | == Indoor/ | ||
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly aerosolized virus, and research shows that nearly all transmission takes place in indoor settings where a poorly ventilated room can fill to a pressurized level with virions. One study (preprint) found that 95% of primary case transmission in [[Japan]] took place in closed environments.((Apr 16, 2020 | Nishiura et al | [[https:// | SARS-CoV-2 is a highly aerosolized virus, and research shows that nearly all transmission takes place in indoor settings where a poorly ventilated room can fill to a pressurized level with virions. One study (preprint) found that 95% of primary case transmission in [[Japan]] took place in closed environments.((Apr 16, 2020 | Nishiura et al | [[https:// | ||
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= Transmission among Children and in Schools = | = Transmission among Children and in Schools = | ||
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* School closures had no significant impact on spread of SARS-CoV-2 either among the children in spill-over effects to older generations. School opening had no impacts, and lower transmission incidence was seen. | * School closures had no significant impact on spread of SARS-CoV-2 either among the children in spill-over effects to older generations. School opening had no impacts, and lower transmission incidence was seen. | ||
+ | === Animal Transmission === | ||
+ | Early during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], many laboratories euthanized mice as a preventative measure.((March 23, 2020 | Science.org | [[https:// | ||
=== Pathways and Cell Entry === | === Pathways and Cell Entry === | ||
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Once inside the body, SARS-CoV-2 may infect human adipose tissue, which may be one of the reasons obesity is so highly associated with the [[COVID-19]] disease state and [[long haul COVID-19]] symptoms.((Oct 25, 2021 | Martinez-Colon et al | bioRxiv preprint | [[https:// | Once inside the body, SARS-CoV-2 may infect human adipose tissue, which may be one of the reasons obesity is so highly associated with the [[COVID-19]] disease state and [[long haul COVID-19]] symptoms.((Oct 25, 2021 | Martinez-Colon et al | bioRxiv preprint | [[https:// | ||
+ | == Infectivity in Animal Hosts == | ||
+ | [[https:// | ||
- | + | Numerous animals aside from humans have been noted to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 | |
- | ===== Disease ===== | + | One study still in preprint found SARS-CoV-2 moving rapidly into white-tailed deer populations in North America, with over 80% of the deer testing PCR positive for the virus by early 2021.((November 6, 2021 | Kuchipudi et al | preprint | [[https:// |
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- | ==== COVID-19 ==== | + | |
- | SARS-CoV-2 | + | |
==== Immunity ==== | ==== Immunity ==== | ||
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=== Herd Immunity === | === Herd Immunity === | ||
- | [[Herd immunity]] is the condition in which viral outbreaks become rare due to sufficiently low transmission rates of a pathogen. This topic has become controversial during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to a combination of [[propaganda]] and changing transmission rates of [[SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest]]. | + | [[Herd immunity]] is the condition in which viral outbreaks become rare due to sufficiently low transmission rates of a pathogen. This topic has become controversial during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to a combination of [[propaganda]] and changing transmission rates of [[SARS-CoV-2: |
=== Natural Immunity === | === Natural Immunity === | ||
See [[COVID-19: | See [[COVID-19: | ||
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+ | === Reinfections === | ||
+ | During the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians and scientists found that reinfections were extremely rare.((May 19, 2020 | ScienceNews.org | [[https:// | ||
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+ | During the omicron era, reinfections are rapidly on the rise.((March 21, 2022 | [[:Igor Chudov]] | [[https:// | ||
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+ | === Transference of Immunity === | ||
+ | Scientists have noted evidence for aerosol transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity.((May 1, 2022 | Kedl et al | preprint | Evidence for Aerosol Transfer of SARS-CoV2-specific Humoral Immunity | [[https:// | ||
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+ | ===== Disease ===== | ||
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+ | ==== COVID-19 ==== | ||
+ | SARS-CoV-2 is a cause of [[COVID-19]], | ||
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+ | ==== Genetic and Epigenetic Effects of Infection ==== | ||
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+ | === Chromatin Architecture === | ||
+ | * SARS-CoV-2 Restructures the Host Chromatin Architecture((July 21, 2021 | Ruoyu Wang et al | preprint | [[https:// | ||
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===== Mutation and Variants ===== | ===== Mutation and Variants ===== | ||
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See more at [[SARS-CoV-2: | See more at [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
+ | ===== Controversies ===== | ||
- | ===== SARS-CoV-2 Origins Story Controversy | + | ==== SARS-CoV-2 Origins Story Controversy ==== |
The [[SARS-CoV-2: | The [[SARS-CoV-2: | ||
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+ | ==== Retracted Research ==== | ||
+ | Many papers have been retracted during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Here are some that relate specifically to SARS-CoV-2, though others may be found at [[Retraction Watch]]. | ||
+ | * SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro((October 13, 2021 | Jiang and Mei | Viruses (journal) | SARS-CoV-2 Spike Impairs DNA Damage Repair and Inhibits V(D)J Recombination In Vitro | [[https:// |