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--- population_council [2022/08/06 23:44]
liam [Founding (1952)]
+++ population_council [2022/12/30 05:03] (current)
liam [Early activities]
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 {{ ::population_council_logo.png?200|}}
-The **Population Council** is an international, nonprofit, non-governmental organization based in [[united_states_of_america:New York:New York City]].
+The **Population Council** is an international, nonprofit, non-governmental organization based in [[united_states_of_america:New York:New York City]]. It is an organization with strong roots in [[:eugenics]].
+It runs its [[Center for Biomedical Research]] (CBR) out of [[Rockefeller University]] in [[united_states_of_america:New York]].((//The Center for Biomedical Research.// (2022). Population Council. https://www.popcouncil.org/cbr))
 ===== History =====
-==== Founding (1952) ====
+==== Founding ====
 The Population Council was established in 1952 by [[John D. Rockefeller III]] in order to channel his interest in global population growth, family planning, and the health of developing nations.((//The Population Council.// (2022). Rockefeller Brothers Fund. https://archive.ph/Ujl0L)) Spurred by his experience as a trustee of the [[Rockefeller Foundation]], which was beginning to work on population from the standpoint of food production, Rockefeller established the Council to address the more controversial fields of human fertility and contraceptive research.
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 In 1955, the [[Rockefeller Brothers Fund]] gave almost half a million dollars for general support to help the Council establish its footing. It continued to make substantial grants through the 1970s for activities including fellowship programs, family planning studies, and international conferences.
-The history of the Council is rooted in [[eugenics]]. Its first president, [[Frederick Osborn]], was a former head of the [[American Eugenics Society]].((Horvath, A. (2015, January 20). //Frederick Osborn: “birth control and abortion are turning out to be great eugenic advances.”// Eugenics and Other Evils. https://archive.ph/09Uwu)) In its 1957 Annual Report, the council explains that “the Council is increasingly in a position to contribute to the understanding and so, perhaps, to the solution of problems of world population growth and change.”((Osborn, F. (1957). //Annual Report 1957.// The Population Council. https://web.archive.org/web/20220501133413/http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb5974338p/_1.pdf )) The council runs its [[Center for Biomedical Research]] (CBR) out of [[Rockefeller University]] in [[united_states_of_america:New York]].((//The Center for Biomedical Research.// (2022). Population Council. https://www.popcouncil.org/cbr))
+==== Early activities ====
-The Population Council has a history of funding from [[pharmaceutical_companies:Bayer]], the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], the [[Ford Foundation]], [[KPMG]], the [[Markle Foundation]], and the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH).((//Population Council Hosts Second Annual Ideas with Impact Awards.// (2015, October 13). Population Council. https://archive.ph/9FNqC)) ((//Population Council, Inc.// (2020, February). Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. https://archive.ph/byLak))
+In its 1957 Annual Report, the council explains that “the Council is increasingly in a position to contribute to the understanding and so, perhaps, to the solution of problems of world population growth and change.”((Osborn, F. (1957). //Annual Report 1957.// The Population Council. https://web.archive.org/web/20220501133413/http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb5974338p/_1.pdf)) The [[Ford Foundation]] and the [[Markle Foundation]] both provided substantial grants, the former to be spent over the course of five years and the latter to benefit the Council's medical division. Following an earlier grant from the [[Rockefeller Brothers Fund]] and bolstered by additional funding from the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH), the Council moved ahead with construction of an enlarged laboratory space at the [[Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research]]. Along with several other donors, the Council provided a "substantial gift" to the [[National Committee on Maternal Health]] to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, safety and cost of various methods and materials of fertility control.
-Its Board of Trustees has included representatives from [[AT&T]], the [[Atomic Energy Commission]], [[Brown University]], the [[Carnegie Institution of Washington]], [[Chase Manhattan Bank]], [[Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center]], [[General Electric Company]], [[Harvard University]], the [[Milbank Memorial Fund]], [[Mt. Sinai Hospital]], the [[Rockefeller Institute]], and [[Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems]].
+The Council provided grants in 1957 to a number of institutions such as the [[University of Washington]], [[Uppsala University]] and [[Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology]] (studying the physiology of the oviduct and of fertilization); the [[University of Chicago]], University of Washington, and the [[Weizmann Institute]] in [[Israel]] (studying the early development of the [[embryo]]); the [[University of Reading]] in [[united_kingdom:England]] (studying the physical and chemical properties of cervical mucus); [[Hamburg University]] in [[Germany]], [[Keio University]] in [[Japan]], the [[University of California]], and [[University of Illinois]] (studying hypophysical-gonadal interrelations); [[McGill University]] in [[Canada]], University of Chicago, [[University of Buenos Aires]] and the [[University of Copenhagen]]'s [[Connective Tissue Research Laboratory]] (researching the histology and histochemistry of the gonads and associated ducts); the [[Carnegie Institution of Washington]], [[San Marcos University]] in [[Peru]], and the [[University of Innsbruck]] in [[Austria]] (studying factors influencing gonadal function); and the [[Planned Parenthood Association of Los Angeles]], University of Buenos Aires, and the [[University of Oregon]] (studying the effects of steroid compounds on reproductive functions).
+Additional grants were authorized to [[Boston University]], the [[Demographic Teaching and Research Centre]] in [[India]], [[Genetics Society of America]], Dr. [[John Durand]], [[International Union for the Scientific Study of Population]], [[London School of Economics and Political Science]] Population Investigation Committee, [[Long Island Biological Association]], [[Medical Research Foundation of Oregon]], [[National Taiwan University]], [[Population Reference Bureau]], the [[United Nations]] and the [[University of Virginia]].
+In February 1969, the Council published a paper titled "Beyond Family Planning" in //[[Studies in Family Planning]]//.((Berelson, B. (1969). //Beyond Family Planning.// Studies in Family Planning, 1(38), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1964767))
+==== Modern activities ====
 In 2015, the council convened a meeting on quality of care sponsored by the [[Packard Foundation]], and attended by representatives from [[Abt Associates]], [[Family Planning 2020]], [[Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health]], [[Ibis Reproductive Health]], [[ICF International]], [[Jhpiego]], [[Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health]], [[MSI Reproductive Choices]], [[O’Hanlon Health Consulting]], [[Population Action International]], [[PSI]], [[United Nations Population Fund]] (UNFPA), [[University of North Carolina]], and the [[World Health Organization]].((//Summary report of the measuring and monitoring quality of care meeting.// (2015). The Population Council. https://web.archive.org/web/20200803175946/https://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/2015RH_MeasuringMonitoringQOC.pdf))
+===== Affiliations =====
+==== Funding ====
+The Population Council has a history of funding from [[pharmaceutical_companies:Bayer]], the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], the [[Ford Foundation]], [[KPMG]], the [[Markle Foundation]], and the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH).((//Population Council Hosts Second Annual Ideas with Impact Awards.// (2015, October 13). Population Council. https://archive.ph/9FNqC)) ((//Population Council, Inc.// (2020, February). Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. https://archive.ph/byLak))
+==== Leadership ====
+The Council's first president, [[Frederick Osborn]], was a former head of the [[American Eugenics Society]].((Horvath, A. (2015, January 20). //Frederick Osborn: “birth control and abortion are turning out to be great eugenic advances.”// Eugenics and Other Evils. https://archive.ph/09Uwu))
+Its board of trustees has included representatives from [[:AT&T]], the [[:Atomic Energy Commission]], [[Brown University]], the [[:Carnegie Institution of Washington]], [[:Chase Manhattan Bank]], [[Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center]], [[:General Electric]] Company, [[Harvard University]], the [[Milbank Memorial Fund]], [[Mt. Sinai Hospital]], the [[:Rockefeller Institute]], and [[:Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems]].