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covid-19_vaccines:vaccines_by_mechanism [2021/12/26 11:12]
mathew created		covid-19_vaccines:vaccines_by_mechanism [2022/07/31 18:42] (current)
mathew
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 ===== Genetic Vaccines ===== ===== Genetic Vaccines =====
 [[Genetic vaccine]]s, including [[mRNA vaccine]]s, contain material from the virus that causes COVID-19 that gives our cells instructions for how to make a harmless protein that is unique to the virus. After our cells make copies of the protein, they destroy the genetic material from the vaccine. Our bodies recognize that the protein should not be there and build T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight the virus that causes COVID-19 if we are infected in the future. [[Genetic vaccine]]s, including [[mRNA vaccine]]s, contain material from the virus that causes COVID-19 that gives our cells instructions for how to make a harmless protein that is unique to the virus. After our cells make copies of the protein, they destroy the genetic material from the vaccine. Our bodies recognize that the protein should not be there and build T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight the virus that causes COVID-19 if we are infected in the future.
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 +Research has found that mRNA can be detected in blood at least 15 days after dose application.((June 28, 2022 | Tudor Emanuel Fertig et al | Biomedicines (journal) | Vaccine mRNA Can Be Detected in Blood at 15 Days Post-Vaccination | [[https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/7/1538/htm|doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071538]]))
  
 ==== Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 ==== ==== Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 ====
-[[:Pfizer]] teamed up with [[:BioNTech]] to create the [[:BNT162b2]] [[:mRNA vaccine]].+[[pharmaceutical_companies:pfizer|Pfizer]] teamed up with [[:BioNTech]] to create the [[:BNT162b2]] [[:mRNA vaccine]].
  
 https://github.com/NAalytics/Assemblies-of-putative-SARS-CoV2-spike-encoding-mRNA-sequences-for-vaccines-BNT-162b2-and-mRNA-1273/blob/main/Assemblies%20of%20putative%20SARS-CoV2-spike-encoding%20mRNA%20sequences%20for%20vaccines%20BNT-162b2%20and%20mRNA-1273.docx.pdf https://github.com/NAalytics/Assemblies-of-putative-SARS-CoV2-spike-encoding-mRNA-sequences-for-vaccines-BNT-162b2-and-mRNA-1273/blob/main/Assemblies%20of%20putative%20SARS-CoV2-spike-encoding%20mRNA%20sequences%20for%20vaccines%20BNT-162b2%20and%20mRNA-1273.docx.pdf
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 ===== Protein Subunit Vaccines ===== ===== Protein Subunit Vaccines =====
 [[:Protein subunit vaccine]] include pieces (proteins) of the virus that causes COVID-19 instead of the entire germ. Once vaccinated, our bodies recognize that the protein should not be there and build T-lymphocytes and antibodies that will remember how to fight the virus that causes COVID-19 if we are infected in the future. [[:Protein subunit vaccine]] include pieces (proteins) of the virus that causes COVID-19 instead of the entire germ. Once vaccinated, our bodies recognize that the protein should not be there and build T-lymphocytes and antibodies that will remember how to fight the virus that causes COVID-19 if we are infected in the future.
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 +  * [[COVID-19 Vaccines:NVX-Cov2373|Novavax NVX-Cov2373]] (with clinical trial names TAK-019 and SARS-CoV-2 rS with Matrix-M1 adjuvant) with marketing names Covovax(tm) and Nuvaxovid(tm)
  
 ===== Vector Vaccines ===== ===== Vector Vaccines =====
 [[:Vector vaccines]] contain a modified version of a different virus than the one that causes COVID-19. Inside the shell of the modified virus, there is material from the virus that causes COVID-19. This is called a “viral vector.” Once the viral vector is inside our cells, the genetic material gives cells instructions to make a protein that is unique to the virus that causes COVID-19. Using these instructions, our cells make copies of the protein. This prompts our bodies to build T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight that virus if we are infected in the future. [[:Vector vaccines]] contain a modified version of a different virus than the one that causes COVID-19. Inside the shell of the modified virus, there is material from the virus that causes COVID-19. This is called a “viral vector.” Once the viral vector is inside our cells, the genetic material gives cells instructions to make a protein that is unique to the virus that causes COVID-19. Using these instructions, our cells make copies of the protein. This prompts our bodies to build T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight that virus if we are infected in the future.
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 +  * [[COVID-19 Vaccines:AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-SARS-COV-2]] (with clinical trial names AZD1222 and Covishield) with marketing name Vaxzevria(r) 
 +  * [[COVID-19 Vaccines:Janssen Ad26.COV2.S]]
  
 ===== Inactivated virus Vaccines ===== ===== Inactivated virus Vaccines =====
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 ===== Live Attenuated Virus Vaccines ===== ===== Live Attenuated Virus Vaccines =====
 [[:Live attenuated virus vaccine]]s use an weakened, typically with chemicals, heat or radiation, version of the virus that cause a disease. This is a proven technology used for previous vaccines.  [[:Live attenuated virus vaccine]]s use an weakened, typically with chemicals, heat or radiation, version of the virus that cause a disease. This is a proven technology used for previous vaccines. 
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 +===== Inhalted Vaccines =====
 +Research is going on into vaccines that can be delivered by inhalation.((February 15, 2022 | KPVI | [[https://www.kpvi.com/interests/is-the-next-great-covid-vaccine-an-inhaled-one/article_69c96d08-2fcd-587e-b1a1-487de3031b46.html|Is the Next Great COVID Vaccine an Inhaled One?]]))
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 +===== Dump from deleted page =====
 +==== List of COVID-19 Vaccines in Use or Development ====
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 +=== mRNA Vaccines ===
 +  * [[Moderna mRNA-1273]] with marketing name Spikevax(r)
 +  * [[Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2]] with marketing names Comirnaty(r) and the non-proprietary name Tozinameran
 +  * The possibility of the mRNA vaccines permanently altering the DNA of recipients has been frequently denied and debunked. However, [[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vo3ObKDxoKTqBZO0t-17CmQJaAex4Fux/view | this document]] (thanks to Researcher Stophe) pulls together a lot of papers that appear to point to this as a very real possibility. Given that Google are tightening up their policy on what can and cannot be stored on Google Drive, here is the {{ :gene_vaccines_-_can_they_change_your_dna.pdf | original PDF}}.
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 +https://twitter.com/finn_dan/status/1442176283157225475?s=20
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 +=== DNA Vaccines ===
 +  * [[AnGes AG0302]]
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 +=== Inactivated Virus Vaccines ===
 +  * [[Bharat Biotech Covaxin]]
 +  * [[Valneva VLA2001]] 
 +  * [[Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV]]
 +  * [[Sinovac CoronaVac]]
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 +=== Live Attenuated Vaccine ===
 +  * [[Codagenix Covi-Vac]]
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 +=== Ferritin Nanoparticle Vaccines ===
 +  * [[Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle (SpNF)]]
 +  * [[SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Ferritin Nanoparticle (RFN)]]
 +  * The ferritin nanoparticle vaccines are [[https://www.army.mil/article/252890/preclinical_studies_support_armys_pan_coronavirus_vaccine_development_strategy|being developed by Army researchers]] at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR). SpFN entered Phase 1 human trials in April 2021.
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