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covid-19 [2022/05/06 12:15]
mathew
covid-19 [2022/09/29 06:04] (current)
mathew
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 ====== COVID-19 ====== ====== COVID-19 ======
-**Coronavirus disease 2019** or **COVID-19** is a [[disease]] first associated with some people infected with the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus and later associated with some recipients of the [[COVID-19 vaccines]].+**Coronavirus disease 2019** or **COVID-19** is a [[disease]] first associated with some people infected with the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus and later associated with some recipients of the [[COVID-19 vaccines]]. In early 2020, the [[World Health Organization]] declared a [[COVID-19 pandemic]].
  
 ===== COVID-19 Cases ===== ===== COVID-19 Cases =====
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 The bile tract plays a role in interleukin-8 cytokin storming. The bile tract plays a role in interleukin-8 cytokin storming.
 +
 +==== Skin and Subcutaneous ====
 +Some suffers of COVID-19 suffer lesions on fingers, toes, and knees.((March 8, 2022 | A Bassi et al | J Eujr Acad Dermatol Venereol | Not only toes and fingers: COVID vaccine-induced chilblain-like lesions of the knees | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35188988/|doi: 10.1111/jdv.18025]]))
  
 ==== PACS/Long Haul COVID-19 ==== ==== PACS/Long Haul COVID-19 ====
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 ===== Major COVID-19 Correlates and Comorbidities ===== ===== Major COVID-19 Correlates and Comorbidities =====
- 
   * [[Age]]   * [[Age]]
 +  * [[Blood Clots]]
   * [[Body Mass Index]]   * [[Body Mass Index]]
   * [[Diabetes]]   * [[Diabetes]]
   * Fatigue and Poor Sleep   * Fatigue and Poor Sleep
   * [[Immunodeficiency]]   * [[Immunodeficiency]]
 +  * [[Mental Illness]]/[[Learning Disabilities]]
 +  * [[Poverty]]
   * [[Race]]/[[Ethnicity ]]   * [[Race]]/[[Ethnicity ]]
   * [[Vitamin]] and [[Mineral]] Deficiencies   * [[Vitamin]] and [[Mineral]] Deficiencies
   * Other Correlates of Interest   * Other Correlates of Interest
 +
 +==== COVID-19 Vaccine-Associations ====
 +A study of data of vaccinated patients who suffered from COVID-19, taking data from the QResearch database on patients from December 8, 2020 to June 15, 2021, showed,
 +  * 74.1% had at least two doses.
 +  * Down's syndrome OR: 12.7x
 +  * Kidney transplant OR: 8.1x
 +  * Sickle Cell disease OR: 7.7x
 +  * Care Residency home OR: 4.1x
 +  * Chemotherapy OR: 4.3x
 +  * HIV/AIDS OR: 3.3x
 +  * Liver cirrhosis OR: 3.0x
 +  * Neurological conditions OR: 2.6x
 +  * Organ transplant (recent) OR: 2.5x
 +  * Dementia OR: 2.2x
 +  * Parkinson's disease OR: 2.2x
 +((September, 2021 | Julia Hippisley-Cox et al | BMJ | Risk prediction of covid-19 related death and hospital admission in adults after covid-19 vaccination: national prospective cohort study | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34535466/|DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2244]]))
  
 ==== COVID-19 and Age ==== ==== COVID-19 and Age ====
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 ==== COVID-19 and Autoimmune Health ==== ==== COVID-19 and Autoimmune Health ====
 Autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency might be described as the "primary COVID-19 correlate and comorbidity", but is strangely underdiscussed by [[public health]] officials and the [[mainstream media]]. Autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency might be described as the "primary COVID-19 correlate and comorbidity", but is strangely underdiscussed by [[public health]] officials and the [[mainstream media]].
 +
 +==== COVID-19 and Blood Clots ====
 +It has been noted that blood clotting is associated with worse outcomes for COVID-19 patients,((April 21, 2020 | Medical Xpress | [[https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-04-tiny-blood-clots-covid-lethal.html|Could tiny blood clots make COVID-19 more lethal?]])) though it is not clear whether blood clotting results in more severe COVID-19, whether COVID-19 causes the clots in some patients---or which patients those would be.
  
 ==== COVID-19 and Blood Type ==== ==== COVID-19 and Blood Type ====
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 ==== COVID-19 and Diabetes ==== ==== COVID-19 and Diabetes ====
 +
 +==== COVID-19 and Household/Family Factors ====
 +Researchers studying data from March 2020 in New York City found a positive association between COVID-19 and overcrowded and multigenerational households.((September, 2021 | Ghosh et al | Public Health (journal) | Association between overcrowded households, multigenerational households, and COVID-19: a cohort study | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34492508/|doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.039]]))
 +
 +==== COVID-19 and Mental Illness/Learning Disabilities ====
 +Published research shows that when mental illness and learning disabilities are considered comorbidities, they are the most common among those who die from COVID-19 in hospitals.((April 29, 2022 | Beaney et al | Nature Communications | Trends and associated factors for Covid-19 hospitalisation and fatality risk in 2.3 million adults in England | [[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29880-7|https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29880-7]])) This has driven speculation that hospitals targeted the mentally ill for termination.((May 8, 2022 | Ashmedai | [[https://ashmedai.substack.com/p/recently-published-study-in-nature?s=r|Recently Published Study in Nature: The Deadliest Covid Comorbidity Is... 'Severe Mental Illness and Learning Disability']])) An early study from July 2021 found mental illness to be the most associated risk factor for mortality in 16 observational studies in the 7 nations Denmark, France, Israel, South Korea, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States.((July 27, 2021 | Fond et al | JAMA Psychiatry | Association Between Mental Health Disorders and Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 in 7 Countries
 +A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | [[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2782457|DOI: 78(11):1208-1217. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2274]]))
 +
 +  * Mental disorders and risk of COVID-19-related mortality, hospitalisation, and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis((September, 2021 | Vai et al | Lancet Psychiatry | Mental disorders and risk of COVID-19-related mortality, hospitalisation, and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis | [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8285121/|doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00232-7]]))
 +  * COVID-19-Related Mortality Risk in People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic and Critical Review((January 13, 2022 | De Hert et al | Frontiers Psychology | COVID-19-Related Mortality Risk in People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic and Critical Review | [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35095612/|doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.798554]]))
 +
 +==== COVID-19 and Poverty ====
 +When poverty is considered, it turns out to have the second-highest comorbidity risk to age.((December 1, 2020 | Helen Salisbury | [[BMJ]] | Helen Salisbury: Poverty as a pre-existing condition | [[https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m4607|doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4607]]
  
 ==== COVID-19 and Race ==== ==== COVID-19 and Race ====
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   * * Gene associated with less severe COVID more common in [[Asia]].   * * Gene associated with less severe COVID more common in [[Asia]].
   * * [[https://freebeacon.com/campus/doctors-warn-new-medical-school-guidance-would-lead-to-unqualified-physicians-and-unscientific-medicine/|The Washington Free Beacon]], Nov 29, 2021: Discussing this research is //racist//.   * * [[https://freebeacon.com/campus/doctors-warn-new-medical-school-guidance-would-lead-to-unqualified-physicians-and-unscientific-medicine/|The Washington Free Beacon]], Nov 29, 2021: Discussing this research is //racist//.
 +
  
 ==== COVID-19 and Vitamin/Mineral Deficiencies ==== ==== COVID-19 and Vitamin/Mineral Deficiencies ====
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 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with amyloidogenic proteins: Potential clues to neurodegeneration: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7988450/ SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with amyloidogenic proteins: Potential clues to neurodegeneration: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7988450/
 +
 +=== Other (Imported--Organize needed) ===
 +Most common comorbidities (one hospital, Berlin):
 +
 +Hypertension
 +Ischemic heart disease
 +Obesity
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7895917/|Causes of death and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19]]
 +
 +Most common comorbidities (larger study, global data)
 +
 +Hypertension (27,4%)
 +Diabetes (17,4%)
 +CVD (8,9%)
 +Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7,5%)
 +Cancer (3,5%)
 +Chronic kidney disease (2,6%)
 +
 +[[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32659414/|Prevalence of comorbidities among individuals with COVID-19: A rapid review of current literature]]
 +
 +Autopsy study of first 80 consecutive cases in Germany, relevant comorbidities (in descending order of frequency): (1) diseases of the cardiovascular system, (2) lung diseases, (3) central nervous system diseases, (4) kidney diseases, and (5) diabetes mellitus: 
 +
 +[[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32500199/|Dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection-an autopsy study of the first consecutive 80 cases in Hamburg, Germany]]
 +
 +Myocarditis rare in COVID-19 autopsies:
 +
 +Initial review of the data indicate that myocarditis was present in 20 hearts (7.2%); however, closer examination of additional reported information revealed that most cases were likely not functionally significant and the true prevalence of myocarditis is likely much lower (<2%). 
 +
 +[[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33132119/|Myocarditis is rare in COVID-19 autopsies: cardiovascular findings across 277 postmortem examinations]]
 +
 +Johan observes: if that bit on myocarditis holds, I suppose that would be a possible candidate for a ... comorbidity divergence.  
 +
 +Maybe this divergence explains what we are seeing in young, fit [[https://rudd-o.com/archives/noticed-how-many-young-athletes-are-collapsing-into-sudden-death-lately|athletes suffering from heart conditions.]]
 +
 +===== Unusual Aspects of COVID-19 =====
 +
 +==== Antidepressants ====
 +Researchers note that depressed COVID-19 patients respond far better than expected to SSRI antidepressants.((December 14, 2021 | SciTechDaily.com | [[https://scitechdaily.com/depressed-covid-patients-respond-much-better-than-expected-to-ssri-antidepressants/|Depressed COVID Patients Respond Much Better Than Expected to SSRI Antidepressants]]))
  
 ===== Major Topics Surrounding COVID-19 ===== ===== Major Topics Surrounding COVID-19 =====
 +  * [[COVID-19:Expert Interviews and Presentations]]
   * [[COVID-19:Natural immunity]]   * [[COVID-19:Natural immunity]]
   * [[COVID-19 Pandemic]]   * [[COVID-19 Pandemic]]
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