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covid-19 [2022/01/11 01:06] mathew Importing Vitamin D | covid-19 [2022/09/29 06:04] (current) mathew | ||
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====== COVID-19 ====== | ====== COVID-19 ====== | ||
- | **Coronavirus disease 2019** or **COVID-19** is a [[disease]] first associated with some people infected with the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus and later associated with some recipients of the [[COVID-19 vaccines]]. | + | **Coronavirus disease 2019** or **COVID-19** is a [[disease]] first associated with some people infected with the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus and later associated with some recipients of the [[COVID-19 vaccines]]. In early 2020, the [[World Health Organization]] declared a [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. |
- | ==== Coronavirus History | + | ===== COVID-19 Cases ===== |
+ | A [[COVID-19 case]] has often been confused with a [[SARS-CoV-2]] infection. However, [[viral infection]] has not historically implied [[disease]]. This has created substantial confusion, and made statistics harder to gather and evaluate. | ||
- | Humanized mice develop coronavirus respiratory disease | + | ===== Symptoms of COVID-19 ===== |
- | [[Ralph S. Baric]] | + | COVID-19 is primarily associated with acute respiratory syndrome, gastrointestinal, |
- | PNAS June 7, 2005. 102 (23) 8073-8074; | + | |
- | Coronavirus infections historically were associated with mild upper respiratory tract diseases in infants, children, and adults. Human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 and HCoV-229E were associated | + | ==== Blood/ |
+ | The physical phenotypes of blood cells ([[erythrocytes]], [[lymptocytes]], | ||
- | https://web.archive.org/web/20180604062832/https://www.pnas.org/content/102/23/8073 | + | Some research points toward SARS-CoV-2 endothelial entry via [[: |
- | ===== COVID-19 Cases ===== | + | === Myocarditis |
- | A [[COVID-19 | + | On September 3, 2021, the CDC published a study purporting to show that COVID-19 |
+ | ==== Gastrointestinal System ==== | ||
+ | Sometimes COVID-19 results in complications in the gastrointestinal system. These can include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, but also bile duct casts and cholangitis in some cases.((April 19, 2021 | David Sanders et al | Cureus (journal) | COVID-19-Induced Bile Duct Casts and Cholangitis: | ||
- | ===== Symptoms of COVID-19 ===== | + | The bile tract plays a role in interleukin-8 cytokin storming. |
- | COVID-19 is primarily associated with acute respiratory syndrome and vascular problems. | + | |
- | ==== Blood ==== | + | ==== Skin and Subcutaneous |
- | Kubankova et al, 2021: Physical phenotype | + | Some suffers |
- | ==== Long Haul COVID-19 ==== | + | ==== PACS/Long Haul COVID-19 ==== |
- | A fraction of those who develop COVID-19 suffer long-term health consequences after recover from the acute form of the disease. | + | Post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 syndrome (PACS), also known as "long haul COVID", |
+ | Long haul symptoms can last for many months.((June 23, 2021 | Amy D. Proal and Michael B. VanElzakker | [[Frontiers in Microbiology]] | Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms | [[https:// | ||
- | https:// | + | The most common [[sequelae]] of those suffering long haul COVID symptoms include fatigue, post-external malaise, brain fog, select sensorimotor symptoms, headaches and related symptoms, memory issues, insomnia, and muscle aches.((June 23, 2021 | Amy D. Proal and Michael B. VanElzakker | [[Frontiers in Microbiology]] | Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms | [[https:// |
+ | In some cases, long haul COVID has been associated with reactivation of [[neurotrophic]] pathogens such as [[herpesvirus]].((June 23, 2021 | Amy D. Proal and Michael B. VanElzakker | [[Frontiers in Microbiology]] | Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Pediatric Specific Illness ==== | ||
+ | A small number of affected children suffer from pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome that is temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIMS-TS).((June 12, 2020 | Tristan Ramcharan et al | Pediatric Cardiology | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Predictive Risk === | ||
+ | [[Immunoglobulin]] (Ig) singnature has been associated with long haul COVID, as well as age, asthma bronchiale, and some symptoms during primary infection.((January 25, 2022 | Carlo Cervia et al | [[Nature Communications]] | Immunoglobulin signature predicts risk of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Treatment of Long Haul COVID-19 === | ||
+ | * February 10, 2022 - Targeting the Monocytic-Endothelial-Platelet Axis with Maraviroc and Pravastatin as a Therapeutic Option to Treat Long COVID/ Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC)((February 10, 2022 | [[Bruce Patterson]] et al | Targeting the Monocytic-Endothelial-Platelet Axis with Maraviroc and Pravastatin as a Therapeutic Option to Treat Long COVID/ Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID (PASC) | [[https:// | ||
+ | 10.21203/ | ||
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- | ===== Major COVID-19 Correlates and Comorbidities | + | ===== Theories of Disease |
+ | COVID-19 is a complex disease that potentially affects different systems all over the body. | ||
+ | ==== Immune Health Dependence ==== | ||
+ | A summary of risk factors can be summarized as, " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Nutrient Deficiency ==== | ||
+ | Research associates COVID-19 cases and severity with deficiencies in numerous vitamins and minerals. Colleen Huber, NMD declares COVID-19 to be a "lack of nutrients, exploited by a virus," | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Major COVID-19 Correlates and Comorbidities ===== | ||
* [[Age]] | * [[Age]] | ||
+ | * [[Blood Clots]] | ||
* [[Body Mass Index]] | * [[Body Mass Index]] | ||
* [[Diabetes]] | * [[Diabetes]] | ||
* Fatigue and Poor Sleep | * Fatigue and Poor Sleep | ||
* [[Immunodeficiency]] | * [[Immunodeficiency]] | ||
+ | * [[Mental Illness]]/ | ||
+ | * [[Poverty]] | ||
* [[Race]]/ | * [[Race]]/ | ||
* [[Vitamin]] and [[Mineral]] Deficiencies | * [[Vitamin]] and [[Mineral]] Deficiencies | ||
* Other Correlates of Interest | * Other Correlates of Interest | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== COVID-19 Vaccine-Associations ==== | ||
+ | A study of data of vaccinated patients who suffered from COVID-19, taking data from the QResearch database on patients from December 8, 2020 to June 15, 2021, showed, | ||
+ | * 74.1% had at least two doses. | ||
+ | * Down's syndrome OR: 12.7x | ||
+ | * Kidney transplant OR: 8.1x | ||
+ | * Sickle Cell disease OR: 7.7x | ||
+ | * Care Residency home OR: 4.1x | ||
+ | * Chemotherapy OR: 4.3x | ||
+ | * HIV/AIDS OR: 3.3x | ||
+ | * Liver cirrhosis OR: 3.0x | ||
+ | * Neurological conditions OR: 2.6x | ||
+ | * Organ transplant (recent) OR: 2.5x | ||
+ | * Dementia OR: 2.2x | ||
+ | * Parkinson' | ||
+ | ((September, | ||
==== COVID-19 and Age ==== | ==== COVID-19 and Age ==== | ||
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==== COVID-19 and Autoimmune Health ==== | ==== COVID-19 and Autoimmune Health ==== | ||
Autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency might be described as the " | Autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency might be described as the " | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== COVID-19 and Blood Clots ==== | ||
+ | It has been noted that blood clotting is associated with worse outcomes for COVID-19 patients, | ||
==== COVID-19 and Blood Type ==== | ==== COVID-19 and Blood Type ==== | ||
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==== COVID-19 and Diabetes ==== | ==== COVID-19 and Diabetes ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== COVID-19 and Household/ | ||
+ | Researchers studying data from March 2020 in New York City found a positive association between COVID-19 and overcrowded and multigenerational households.((September, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== COVID-19 and Mental Illness/ | ||
+ | Published research shows that when mental illness and learning disabilities are considered comorbidities, | ||
+ | A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Mental disorders and risk of COVID-19-related mortality, hospitalisation, | ||
+ | * COVID-19-Related Mortality Risk in People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic and Critical Review((January 13, 2022 | De Hert et al | Frontiers Psychology | COVID-19-Related Mortality Risk in People With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic and Critical Review | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== COVID-19 and Poverty ==== | ||
+ | When poverty is considered, it turns out to have the second-highest comorbidity risk to age.((December 1, 2020 | Helen Salisbury | [[BMJ]] | Helen Salisbury: Poverty as a pre-existing condition | [[https:// | ||
==== COVID-19 and Race ==== | ==== COVID-19 and Race ==== | ||
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* * Gene associated with less severe COVID more common in [[Asia]]. | * * Gene associated with less severe COVID more common in [[Asia]]. | ||
* * [[https:// | * * [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
==== COVID-19 and Vitamin/ | ==== COVID-19 and Vitamin/ | ||
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SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with amyloidogenic proteins: Potential clues to neurodegeneration: | SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with amyloidogenic proteins: Potential clues to neurodegeneration: | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Other (Imported--Organize needed) === | ||
+ | Most common comorbidities (one hospital, Berlin): | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hypertension | ||
+ | Ischemic heart disease | ||
+ | Obesity | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Most common comorbidities (larger study, global data) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hypertension (27,4%) | ||
+ | Diabetes (17,4%) | ||
+ | CVD (8,9%) | ||
+ | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7,5%) | ||
+ | Cancer (3,5%) | ||
+ | Chronic kidney disease (2,6%) | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Autopsy study of first 80 consecutive cases in Germany, relevant comorbidities (in descending order of frequency): (1) diseases of the cardiovascular system, (2) lung diseases, (3) central nervous system diseases, (4) kidney diseases, and (5) diabetes mellitus: | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Myocarditis rare in COVID-19 autopsies: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Initial review of the data indicate that myocarditis was present in 20 hearts (7.2%); however, closer examination of additional reported information revealed that most cases were likely not functionally significant and the true prevalence of myocarditis is likely much lower (< | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Johan observes: if that bit on myocarditis holds, I suppose that would be a possible candidate for a ... comorbidity divergence. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Maybe this divergence explains what we are seeing in young, fit [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Unusual Aspects of COVID-19 ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Antidepressants ==== | ||
+ | Researchers note that depressed COVID-19 patients respond far better than expected to SSRI antidepressants.((December 14, 2021 | SciTechDaily.com | [[https:// | ||
===== Major Topics Surrounding COVID-19 ===== | ===== Major Topics Surrounding COVID-19 ===== | ||
+ | * [[COVID-19: | ||
* [[COVID-19: | * [[COVID-19: | ||
* [[COVID-19 Pandemic]] | * [[COVID-19 Pandemic]] | ||
* [[COVID-19: | * [[COVID-19: | ||
* [[COVID-19: | * [[COVID-19: | ||
+ | * [[COVID-19: | ||
* [[COVID-19: | * [[COVID-19: | ||
* [[COVID-19 Vaccines]] | * [[COVID-19 Vaccines]] |