COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is a disease first associated with some people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and later associated with some recipients of the COVID-19 vaccines.

Humanized mice develop coronavirus respiratory disease Ralph S. Baric and Amy C. Sims PNAS June 7, 2005. 102 (23) 8073-8074; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503091102

Coronavirus infections historically were associated with mild upper respiratory tract diseases in infants, children, and adults. Human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 and HCoV-229E were associated with 15–30% of common colds in winter and occasionally linked with lower respiratory tract disease in populations with chronic underlying diseases. HCoV research was complicated by the lack of a reverse genetic system or animal model. These viruses propagated poorly, and the number of reagents was limited. However, coronaviruses are capable of rapid host switching and evolution in changing ecologies (1), suggesting that their diversity and role in human disease were underappreciated. The 21st century heralded the arrival of the more pathogenic coronaviruses, like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV.

https://web.archive.org/web/20180604062832/https://www.pnas.org/content/102/23/8073

A COVID-19 case has often been confused with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, viral infection has not historically implied disease. This has created substantial confusion, and made statistics harder to gather and evaluate.

COVID-19 is primarily associated with acute respiratory syndrome and vascular problems.

Kubankova et al, 2021: Physical phenotype of blood cells is altered in COVID-19 (https://www.cell.com/biophysj/pdf/S0006-3495(21)00454-9.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2gHVZ_8bCbSpicoWoX4cHPT8K5Xpe72fPMmC8zrs4Q8qHsMCM2C0vgt_A)

A fraction of those who develop COVID-19 suffer long-term health consequences after recover from the acute form of the disease.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.698169/full

We usually do not talk about an asymptomatic disease state in medicine, though it is debatably more plausible that COVID-19 is associated with increased health problems not detectable by early outward symptoms.

• Age
• Body Mass Index
• Diabetes
• Fatigue and Poor Sleep
• Immunodeficiency
• Race/Ethnicity
• Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies
• Other Correlates of Interest

The COVID-19 age curve is steep, with the elderly effected most and the young effected the least.¹⁾ The more severe the case of COVID, the steeper is the age curve.

Seealso : Risk Stratification

Autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency might be described as the “primary COVID-19 correlate and comorbidity”, but is strangely underdiscussed by public health officials and the mainstream media.

There is conflicting discussion of a correlation between COVID-19 and blood type, but evidence of a link may have thinned over time.

• MedpageToday)
• WebMD: Blood type doesn't affect your COVID Risk

• Shimizu et al (Dec 2, 2021): Identification of TCR repertoires in functionally competent cytotoxic T cells cross-reactive to SARS-CoV-2.
• * Gene associated with less severe COVID more common in Asia.
• * The Washington Free Beacon, Nov 29, 2021: Discussing this research is racist.

Tepasse et al, 2021 showed significant association between Vitamin A and many endpoints of disease progression such as hospitalization, ARDS, and mortality.²⁾

• https://agingbiotech.info/vitamindcovid19/

• https://agingbiotech.info/vitamindcovid19facts/1pager.pdf

COVID-19 has been observed in some research to increase odds ratios of mortality the most with those suffering from diabetes (6.426), renal failure (4.338), and hypertension (3.261). ³⁾

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34779496/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34485092/

There is some evidence that prion-like domains in the spike protein enable higher affinity for ACE2 receptor binding. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNFzfwLM72c&t=2s

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interactions with amyloidogenic proteins: Potential clues to neurodegeneration: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7988450/

• Natural immunity
• COVID-19 Pandemic
• Public Health Policy
• Risk Stratification
• Treatments
  • COVID-19 Vaccines