The following research papers point toward the potential of confounding through wealth effects:
Novartis - Located on the Torrey Pines mesa, GNF is in the heart of San Diego’s biomedical research hub, adjacent to academic powerhouses such as The Scripps Research Institute, The Salk Institute, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, and University of California San Diego. Through its in-house activities and collaborations both within and outside Novartis, GNF aims to define the cutting edge of translational research.