Genetics

When one or more nucleotides of a codon undergoes a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the codon may code for the same amino acid (called a synonymous or “silent” mutation) or code for a different amino acid or even become a stop codon (called a nonsynonymous mutation).

• Estimating Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Substitution Rates Under Realistic Evolutionary Models¹⁾

• NEBioCalculator with mass/moles/nucleic sequence converters.

The Basic Local Alignment Search Toolkit (BLAST) is a tool often used to compare genetic sequences.

• U.S. National Library of Medicine online BLAST tool.