====== Quinine ====== **Quinine** is one of the drugs derived from the bark of the [[cinchona tree]]. ===== History of Tonic Water and Other Quinine Elixirs ===== * Tonic water as prophylaxis https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/health/how-much-tonic-water-too-much/1oR5kucypxSqxO0rbMXY6L/ * Quinine used for respiratory infections since 19th century at least https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Wiley_Grove * Used in Russian Influenza https://wellcomecollection.org/works/zkse3qja/ * Gin and tonic invented by British officer in India https://www.livescience.com/36536-tonic-water-quinine-malaria-health.html * 1889 Edwin Wiley Grove used quinine to treat respiratory infections https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Wiley_Grove * 1890 Quinine and antipyrine used to treat Russian flu in panic https://wellcomecollection.org/works/zkse3qja/ https://c19study.com/legrelot.html * 1920 Quine effectively treated Spanish flu https://c19study.com/burrows.html (Edmund Fordham tweet) https://twitter.com/EdmundFordham/status/1301801632443887616 * Quinine was successfully used to treat Spanish flu (Source: Burrows & Burrows (1918) ) Medical Record v94 n25 21 Dec 1918 pp1081-2 https://twitter.com/EdmundFordham/status/1301801632443887616?s=20