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vaccine_research [2022/09/17 05:14]
pamela 		vaccine_research [2022/10/01 18:11] (current)
pamela [Mosquitos Genetically Modified To Vaccinate Humans]
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 ==== 2007 Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy against bioterrorism ==== ==== 2007 Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy against bioterrorism ====
 +{{ ::rice_based_mucosal_vaccines_2007.png?600|}}
 Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy for cold-chain- and needle-free vaccination Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy for cold-chain- and needle-free vaccination
 Tomonori Nochi, Hidenori Takagi, Yoshikazu Yuki, +10 , Lijun Yang, Takehiro Masumura, Mio Mejima, Ushio Nakanishi, Akiko Matsumura, Akihiro Uozumi, Takachika Hiroi, Shigeto Morita, Kunisuke Tanaka, Fumio Takaiwa, and Hiroshi Kiyono kiyono@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp -10Authors Info & Affiliations Tomonori Nochi, Hidenori Takagi, Yoshikazu Yuki, +10 , Lijun Yang, Takehiro Masumura, Mio Mejima, Ushio Nakanishi, Akiko Matsumura, Akihiro Uozumi, Takachika Hiroi, Shigeto Morita, Kunisuke Tanaka, Fumio Takaiwa, and Hiroshi Kiyono kiyono@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp -10Authors Info & Affiliations
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 Kiyono and his colleagues chose to target the cholera toxin, which is responsible for the severe watery diarrhea associated with a cholera infection. They first reported the development of this rice-based vaccine in 2007, showing that genetically engineered seeds successfully expressed the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and induced an antigen-specific immune response in vitro. Further studies in mice and macaques confirmed that oral immunization with the vaccine, dubbed MucoRice-CTB, induced high levels of CTB-specific antibodies in the serum of these animal models. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220303171934/https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/rice-based-cholera-vaccine-induces-antibodies-in-small-trial-68958)) Kiyono and his colleagues chose to target the cholera toxin, which is responsible for the severe watery diarrhea associated with a cholera infection. They first reported the development of this rice-based vaccine in 2007, showing that genetically engineered seeds successfully expressed the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and induced an antigen-specific immune response in vitro. Further studies in mice and macaques confirmed that oral immunization with the vaccine, dubbed MucoRice-CTB, induced high levels of CTB-specific antibodies in the serum of these animal models. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220303171934/https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/rice-based-cholera-vaccine-induces-antibodies-in-small-trial-68958))
  
 +==== 2022 Mosquitos Genetically Modified To Vaccinate Humans ====
 +{{ ::gmo_mosquito_vaccines.png?400|}}
 +The Counter Signal by Mike Campbell  September 27, 2022
 +
 +A box full of genetically modified mosquitos successfully vaccinated a human against [[:malaria]] in a trial funded by the [[:National Institute of Health]] (NIH).
 +
 +“We use the mosquitoes like they’re 1,000 small flying syringes,” said researcher Dr. Sean Murphy, as reported by NPR.
 +
 +Three to five “vaccinations” took place over 30-day intervals.  
 +
 +The mosquitos gave minor versions of malaria that didn’t make people sick, but gave them antibodies. Efficacy from the antibodies lasted a few months. 
 +
 +“Half of the individuals in each vaccine group did not develop detectable P. falciparum infection, and a subset of these individuals was subjected to a second CHMI 6 months later and remained partially protected. These results support further development of genetically attenuated sporozoites as potential malaria vaccines,” researchers concluded.
 +
 +Carolina Reid was one of twenty-six participants in the study. 
 +
 +“My whole forearm swelled and blistered. My family was laughing, asking like, ‘why are you subjecting yourself to this?'” 
 +
 +Reid enjoyed her experience so much that she says she wants to participate in as many vaccine trials as she can. For this research, each participant received $4,100 as an incentive. 
 +
 +Dr. [[:Kirsten Lyke]] calls the research “a total game changer.” 
 +
 +Lyke led the phase 1 trials for [[:Pfizer]]’s COVID-19 vaccine and was a co-investigator for [[:Moderna]] and [[:Novavax]] COVID vaccines. 
 +
 +Researchers say the genetically modified mosquitos will not be used at large to vaccinate millions of people. The reason why mosquitos were used instead of syringes, they claim, was to save costs. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220927230830/https://thecountersignal.com/genetically-modified-mosquitoes-vaccinate-a-human/))
  
  
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