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--- medicine [2022/05/12 17:57]
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+++ medicine [2022/05/12 18:00] (current)
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 ==== Evidence-Based Medicine ====
-Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has been described as, "the conscientious, explicity and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions in making decisions about the care of individual patients."((January 13, 1996 | D. L. Sackett et al | [[BMJ]] | Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. | [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2349778/|doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71]])) It is entirely unclear from this and other decisions how this distinguishes EBM from "medicine" most generally given that even that initially self-described anti-scientific schools of medicine (such as chiropractic medicine) have generally grown to be inclusive of scientific observation. It is more likely that EBM expresses a certain level of deference toward political institutions that use science as a banner of supremacism.
+Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) has been described as, "the conscientious, explicity and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions in making decisions about the care of individual patients."((January 13, 1996 | D. L. Sackett et al | [[:BMJ]] | Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. | [[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2349778/|doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71]])) It is entirely unclear from this and other decisions how this distinguishes EBM from "medicine" most generally given that even that initially self-described anti-scientific schools of medicine (such as chiropractic medicine) have generally grown to be inclusive of scientific observation. It is more likely that EBM expresses a certain level of deference toward political institutions that use science as a banner of supremacism.
 === Pushback against EBM ===
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 === Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching - 1910 ===
-Our historiographical research in this paper is based on an analysis of Flexner's Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the [[Carnegie Foundation]] for the Advancement of Teaching (1910)  and the available secondary scholarly, medical, and psychiatric literature on the subject.
+Our historiographical research in this paper is based on an analysis of Flexner's Medical Education in the United States and Canada: A Report to the [[:Carnegie Foundation]] for the Advancement of Teaching (1910)  and the available secondary scholarly, medical, and psychiatric literature on the subject.
-By way of an introduction, textbooks and journal articles on Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychiatry are also briefly discussed. Finally, we will scrutinize gray literature and pamphlets published by both the American National Institutes of Health [[NIH]] and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [[CIHR]], as these pertained to the relationship between the biomedical paradigm and CAM-related approaches after the publication of the [[Flexner Report]] and, in particular, the inclusion of complementary and alternative therapies and approaches in psychiatry during the second half of the 20th century. This perspective will allow the impact of the Flexner Report to be placed within a contemporary context and its long-lasting effects analyzed.
+By way of an introduction, textbooks and journal articles on Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychiatry are also briefly discussed. Finally, we will scrutinize gray literature and pamphlets published by both the American National Institutes of Health [[:NIH]] and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [[:CIHR]], as these pertained to the relationship between the biomedical paradigm and CAM-related approaches after the publication of the [[:Flexner Report]] and, in particular, the inclusion of complementary and alternative therapies and approaches in psychiatry during the second half of the 20th century. This perspective will allow the impact of the Flexner Report to be placed within a contemporary context and its long-lasting effects analyzed.
 The Period Ensuing from the Flexner Report from 1910s to 1940s
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 The Last American Vagabond ~ Posted on March 3, 2016 ~ Author Ryan Cristián
-n the early years of the American empire, when there was still a free market in the medical field, there were many thriving homeopathic hospitals and medical colleges. Over a century ago the Carnegie and Rockefeller foundations decided to engineer the medical curriculum through their grants and donations to the many different medical schools they deemed could be profitable for their associated businesses. As they have done with most facets of American society, they decided that they would reform medical education in America to suit their financial desires. There were many different types of medical schools from homeopathic and herbal, to what we know today as modern western medicine. The Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations sought to patent the petrochemical medical education as the sole practice in the United States. The natural health colleges were not pushing enough chemical drugs, and those drugs were primarily owned by the Carnegies and the Rockefellers.
+In the early years of the American empire, when there was still a free market in the medical field, there were many thriving homeopathic hospitals and medical colleges. Over a century ago the Carnegie and Rockefeller foundations decided to engineer the medical curriculum through their grants and donations to the many different medical schools they deemed could be profitable for their associated businesses. As they have done with most facets of American society, they decided that they would reform medical education in America to suit their financial desires.
-So out came the authorized preordained Flexner Report, funded by the two foundations, that called on American medical schools to enact higher admission and graduation standards, and in so many words, stated that it was far too easy to open a medical school. This report was used to shift from holistic to pharmaceutical practice. The American Medical Association, who were evaluating the various medical colleges, made it their job to target and shut down the larger more respected homeopathic medical colleges. Carnegie and Rockefeller began to immediately shower hundreds of millions of dollars on the medical schools that focused on teaching drug intensive medicine. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220409112425/https://www.thelastamericanvagabond.com/true-history-deceit-within-rise-western-medicine/))
+There were many different types of medical schools from homeopathic and herbal, to what we know today as modern western medicine. The Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations sought to patent the petrochemical medical education as the sole practice in the United States. The natural health colleges were not pushing enough chemical drugs, and those drugs were primarily owned by the Carnegies and the Rockefellers.
+So out came the authorized preordained [[:Flexner Report]], funded by the two foundations, that called on American medical schools to enact higher admission and graduation standards, and in so many words, stated that it was far too easy to open a medical school. This report was used to shift from holistic to pharmaceutical practice. The [[:American Medical Association]], who were evaluating the various medical colleges, made it their job to target and shut down the larger more respected homeopathic medical colleges. Carnegie and Rockefeller began to immediately shower hundreds of millions of dollars on the medical schools that focused on teaching drug intensive medicine. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220409112425/https://www.thelastamericanvagabond.com/true-history-deceit-within-rise-western-medicine/))
 ===== Major Medical Topics =====