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helen_rees [2022/06/06 16:33]
liam 		helen_rees [2022/12/13 17:44] (current)
pamela [Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group]
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 ===== Education ===== ===== Education =====
  
-Rees attended Cambridge University as a medical student where she was an organizer for the group ‘Medicine in Society’, which “aimed to introduce topical social issues as part of a broader learning experience for medical undergraduates.” She received a Master’s Degree in Women’s Studies.+Rees attended the [[University of Cambridge]] as a medical student where she was an organizer for the group ‘Medicine in Society’, which “aimed to introduce topical social issues as part of a broader learning experience for medical undergraduates.” She received a Master’s Degree in Women’s Studies.
  
-After completing her early medical training in London, she and her husband moved to Zimbabwe. She spent two years working at Harare Hospital as a registrar in pediatrics and neonatal medicine.+After completing her early medical training in [[united_kingdom:england:London]], she and her husband moved to [[africa:Zimbabwe]]. She spent two years working at [[Harare Hospital]] as a registrar in [[pediatrics]] and [[neonatal medicine]].
  
 ===== Career and Affiliations ===== ===== Career and Affiliations =====
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 ==== Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (1994-present) ==== ==== Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (1994-present) ====
  
-Rees is the founder and executive director of the [[Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute]] (RHI) at the [[University of the Witwatersrand]].+Rees is the founder and executive director of the [[Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute]] (RHI) at the [[University of the Witwatersrand]].((//Professor Helen Rees, Executive Director.// (2022). Wits RHI. https://archive.ph/rEX2I))
  
 ==== African Leadership in Vaccinology Excellence ==== ==== African Leadership in Vaccinology Excellence ====
  
-Rees is a co-founder and co-director of African Leadership in Vaccinology Excellence (ALIVE), the flagship vaccinology programme at the University of the Witwatersrand.+Rees is a co-founder and co-director of [[African Leadership in Vaccinology Excellence]] (ALIVE), the flagship vaccinology programme at the University of the Witwatersrand.((//Consortium Members.// (2022). Wits-Alive. https://archive.ph/Up8kq))
  
 ==== London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ==== ==== London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ====
  
-Rees is an Honorary Professor in the Department of Clinical Research at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.+Rees is an Honorary Professor in the Department of Clinical Research at the [[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]].((//Prof Helen Rees.// The Presidency. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://archive.ph/YuwxO))
  
 ==== South Africa National Advisory Group on Immunization ==== ==== South Africa National Advisory Group on Immunization ====
  
-Rees is a member of South Africa’s National Advisory Group on Immunization.+Rees is a member of [[South Africa National Advisory Group on Immunization|South Africa's National Advisory Group on Immunization]].((//Helen Rees, MD, MA, MRCGP | AME.// (2022). Academic Medical Eduction. https://archive.ph/YbD6m ))
  
 ==== World Health Organization ==== ==== World Health Organization ====
  
-Rees plays a leadership role in several World Health Organization expert committees and initiatives: +Rees plays a leadership role in several [[World Health Organization]] expert committees and initiatives: 
-  * Chair of the International Health Regulations Review Committee on Polio + 
-  * Former chair of WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization +  * Chair of the International Health Regulations Review Committee on Polio((//Biographies of the members of, and advisers to, the IHR Emergency Committee concerning ongoing events and context involving transmission and international spread of poliovirus.// World Health Organization. Retrieved June 4, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20211123101026/https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/ihr/ihr-committee-members-polio.pdf?sfvrsn=b174ea_2 )) 
-  * STI Vaccine Roadmap Committee +  * Former chair of WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization((//What is SAGE?// (2011, October 21). Wayback Machine; World Health Organization. https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235933/http://www.who.int/immunization/newsroom/multimedia/helen_rees/en/)) 
-  * WHO African Regional Immunization Technical Advisory Group +  * STI Vaccine Roadmap Committee((Gottlieb, S. L., Deal, C. D., Giersing, B., Rees, H., Bolan, G., Johnston, C., Timms, P., Gray-Owen, S. D., Jerse, A. E., Cameron, C. E., Moorthy, V. S., Kiarie, J., & Broutet, N. (2016). //The global roadmap for advancing development of vaccines against sexually transmitted infections: Update and next steps.// Vaccine, 34(26), 2939–2947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.111)) 
-  * WHO Committee Developing Regulations to Cover Clinical Trials and Research During Emergencies +  * WHO African Regional Immunization Technical Advisory Group((//GPEI-Q&A with Helen Rees.// (2020, August 25). Global Polio Eradication Initiative. https://archive.ph/Qk5OZ)) 
-  * WHO Ebola Vaccine Working Group +  * WHO Committee Developing Regulations to Cover Clinical Trials and Research During Emergencies((//Helen Rees - Founder, Director, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.// (2022). EMedEvents. https://www.emedevents.com/speaker-profile/helen-rees)) 
-  * WHO Expert Committee on HPV Vaccines +  * WHO Ebola Vaccine Working Group((Jasarevic, T. (2019, May 7). //WHO adapts Ebola vaccination strategy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to account for insecurity and community feedback.// World Health Organizatioon. https://www.who.int/news/item/07-05-2019-who-adapts-ebola-vaccination-strategy-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-to-account-for-insecurity-and-community-feedback)) 
-  * WHO HIV Vaccine Expert Committee+  * WHO Expert Committee on HPV Vaccines((//Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) Working Group on potential contribution of HPV vaccines and immunization towards cervical cancer elimination (established June 2018).// (2021, November 24). World Health Organization. https://archive.ph/AdEAT)) 
 +  * WHO HIV Vaccine Expert Committee((//Professor Helen Rees.// (2015). Events Cloud. https://archive.ph/dwitN))
  
 ==== GE2P2 Global Foundation ==== ==== GE2P2 Global Foundation ====
  
-Rees delivered a keynote presentation at the 2011 Global Vaccines 202X Access, Equity, Ethics Symposium titled WHO’s Immunization Policy Framework: Is it achieving its goal? She was introduced to the audience by Paul Offit. The symposium was hosted by the Center for Vaccine Ethics and Policy (CVEP), a program of the GE2P2 Global Foundation. Rees is a fellow of the foundation. +Rees delivered a keynote presentation at the 2011 [[Global Vaccines 202X Access, Equity, Ethics Symposium]] titled WHO’s Immunization Policy Framework: Is it achieving its goal?((Curry, D. R. (2011, May 16). //Symposium – Global Vaccines 202X: Access, Equity, Ethics.// Center for Vaccine Ethics and Policy. https://archive.ph/zgDxl)) She was introduced to the audience by [[Paul Offit]]. The symposium was hosted by the [[Center for Vaccine Ethics and Policy]] (CVEP), a program of the [[GE2P2 Global Foundation]].((Curry, D. R. (2009, March 2). //About us.// Center for Vaccine Ethics and Policy. https://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.net/about/ )) Rees is a fellow of the foundation.((//Helen Rees, MD, OBE.// (2019, February 19). GE2P2 Global Foundation. https://archive.ph/MEZpD))
-The GE2P2 Global Foundation is supported by the Alliance for Regenerative Medicine, a consortium of gene therapy pharmaceutical companies including Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CRISPR Therapeutics, CSL, Fresenius Kabi, GE Healthcare, Gilead Sciences (through Kite Pharma), GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Oxford BioMedica, Pfizer, Sanofi, Spark Therapeutics, Takeda, Terumo, and Thermo Fisher Scientific.+
  
-==== Population Council ====+The GE2P2 Global Foundation is supported by the [[Alliance for Regenerative Medicine]], a consortium of [[gene therapy]] [[pharmaceutical companies]] including [[pharmaceutical_companies:Astellas]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Bristol-Myers Squibb]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:CRISPR Therapeutics]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:CSL]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Fresenius Kabi]], [[medical_technology_companies:GE Healthcare]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Gilead Sciences]] (through [[pharmaceutical_companies:Kite Pharma]]), [[pharmaceutical_companies:GlaxoSmithKline]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Johnson & Johnson]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Novartis]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Novo Nordisk]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Oxford Biomedica]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Pfizer]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Sanofi]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Spark Therapeutics]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Takeda, Terumo]], and [[medical_technology_companies:Thermo Fisher Scientific]].((//Advancing Gene, Cell, & Tissue-Based Therapies.// Alliance for Regenerative Medicine. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://alliancerm.org/sector-report/2019-annual-report))
  
-Rees serves as a technical expert for the Population Council. The Population Council was founded by the Rockefeller family and is rooted in eugenics. Its first president, Frederick Osborn, was a former head of the American Eugenics Society. In its 1957 Annual Report, the council explains that “the Council is increasingly in a position to contribute to the understanding and so, perhaps, to the solution of problems of world population growth and change.” The council runs its Center for Biomedical Research (CBR) out of Rockefeller University in New York.+==== Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance ====
  
-The Population Council has a history of funding from Bayer, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Ford Foundation, KPMG, the Markle Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).,  +Rees is a member of the board of directors for [[Gavi|Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance]].((//Helen Rees.// (2022). Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. https://archive.ph/JJMKz))
-Its Board of Trustees has included representatives from AT&T, the Atomic Energy Commission, Brown University, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Chase Manhattan Bank, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, General Electric Company, Harvard University, the Milbank Memorial Fund, Mt. Sinai Hospital, the Rockefeller Institute, and Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems. +
-In 2015, the council convened a meeting on quality of care sponsored by the Packard Foundation, and attended by representatives from Abt Associates, Family Planning 2020, Harvard School of Public Health, Ibis Reproductive Health, ICF International, Jhpiego, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, MSI Reproductive Choices, O’Hanlon Health Consulting, Population Action International, PSI, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), University of North Carolina, and the World Health Organization.+
  
 +==== Population Council ====
 +
 +Rees serves as a technical expert for the [[Population Council]].((//Professor Helen Rees.// (2016, May 25). Murray Edwards College - University of Cambridge. https://archive.ph/1hjWJ))
 ==== South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) ==== ==== South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) ====
  
-Rees is chair of the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) Board. SAHPRA is the organization in charge of regulating the use of all health products throughout South Africa, including COVID-19 vaccines. Rees oversaw the approval of the injections from Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and AstraZeneca.+Rees is chair of the [[South African Health Products Regulatory Authority]] (SAHPRA) Board.((//The SAHPRA Board.// (2022). SAHPRA. https://archive.ph/G7xmz)) SAHPRA is the organization in charge of regulating the use of all health products throughout South Africa, including [[COVID-19 vaccines]].((//SAHPRA update on Vaccine Approvals.// (2021, June 21). SAHPRA. https://archive.ph/krWIz)) Rees oversaw the approval of the injections from [[pharmaceutical_companies:Pfizer]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Johnson & Johnson]], and [[pharmaceutical_companies:AstraZeneca]].
  
 ==== National Institute of Communicable Diseases ==== ==== National Institute of Communicable Diseases ====
  
-Rees is a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee at the National Institute of Communicable Diseases.+Rees is a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee at the [[National Institute of Communicable Diseases]].
  
 ==== Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations ==== ==== Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations ====
  
-Rees is Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).+Rees is Chair of the Scientific Advisory Board of the [[Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations]] (CEPI).((Gutierrez, Jr., O. R. (2020, June 29). //Partnership science.// POZ. https://archive.ph/mKx1V))
  
 ==== International AIDS Vaccine Initiative ==== ==== International AIDS Vaccine Initiative ====
  
-Rees is a member of the Board of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI).+Rees is a member of the Board of the [[International AIDS Vaccine Initiative]] (IAVI).((//Professor Helen Rees (Chairperson).// (2013, October 7). World Health Organization. https://web.archive.org/web/20200909093333/https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/members/bio_rees/en/))
  
 ==== Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group ==== ==== Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group ====
  
-Rees is a member of the Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group, an initiative of the Sabin Vaccine Institute and the Aspen Institute. The group is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Wellcome Trust.+Rees is a member of the [[:Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group]], an initiative of the S[[abin Vaccine Institute]] and the [[:Aspen Institute]].((//The Group.// The Sabin-Aspen Vaccine Science & Policy Group. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://archive.ph/WqVzI)) The group is funded by the [[:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] and [[Wellcome Trust]].
  
 ==== Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19 and Vaccines ==== ==== Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19 and Vaccines ====
  
-Rees is a member of the Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19, and a member of the Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19 vaccines., +Rees is a member of the [[Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19]],((//Ministerial Advisory Committees on COVID-19// (pp. 4, 8). (2020). Bhekisisa Centre for Health Journalism. https://web.archive.org/web/20220303122616/https://bhekisisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/38bf41e2-ministerial-advisory-committees-on-covid-19.pdf)) and a member of the [[Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19 vaccines]].((SABC News. (2021, August 22). //Focus on the COVID-19 vaccines with Professor Helen Rees.// YouTube. https://web.archive.org/web/20220603233806/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9pJL_u6wog)) ((Witz RHI. (2022, March 9). //French National Order of Merit awarded to Professor Helen Rees - Wits University.// University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. https://archive.ph/nQTlU))
  
 ==== COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition ==== ==== COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition ====
  
-Rees is a member of the Steering Committee of the COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition.  +Rees is a member of the Steering Committee of the [[COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition]].((//Helen Rees.// COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://archive.ph/pBgkH)) 
-The coalition was co-launched and is hosted by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), which is partnered with a very large number of pharmaceutical companies including Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genzyme, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vertex, Viatris, and Zoetis. + 
 +The coalition was co-launched and is hosted by the [[Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative]] (DNDi),((//Donors.// COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://archive.ph/OAJwb)) which is partnered with a very large number of [[pharmaceutical companies]] including [[pharmaceutical_companies:Astellas]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:AstraZeneca]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Bayer]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Boehringer Ingelheim]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Bristol-Myers Squibb]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Genzyme]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Gilead Sciences]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:GlaxoSmithKline]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Janssen]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Johnson & Johnson]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Merck]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Novartis]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Pfizer]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Roche]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Sanofi]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Takeda]], [[medical_technology_companies:Thermo Fisher Scientific]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Vertex]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Viatris]], and [[pharmaceutical_companies:Zoetis]].((//Industry partners and service providers.// DNDi. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://archive.ph/28sJH))
  
-Other partners include the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Global Fund, Horizon 2020, Imperial College London, Institut Pasteur, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, McGill University, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), PATH, Rockefeller Foundation, Task Force for Global Health, UKaid, US Food and Drug Administration, the US Navy, Unitaid, University of Washington, USAID, Wellcome Trust, and the World Health Organization., ,+Other partners include the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], the [[Global Fund]], [[Horizon 2020]], [[Imperial College London]], [[Institut Pasteur]], [[London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]], [[McGill University]], [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] (NIAID), [[National Institutes of Health]], [[Pan-American Health Organization]] (PAHO), [[PATH]], [[Rockefeller Foundation]], [[Task Force for Global Health]], [[UKaid]], US [[Food and Drug Administration]], the [[United States Navy]], [[Unitaid]], [[University of Washington]], [[United States Agency for International Development]], [[Wellcome Trust]], and the [[World Health Organization]].((//Universities and Research Centres.// DNDi. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://archive.ph/Jsnj9)) ((//Non-profit Organizations and Networks.// DNDi. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://archive.ph/EY0c1)) ((//Ministries of Health and Governments.// DNDi. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://archive.ph/9wUBu))
  
 ===== Research ===== ===== Research =====
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 ==== SOLIDARITY Trial (2020-2022) ==== ==== SOLIDARITY Trial (2020-2022) ====
  
-Rees is the Co-Chair of the South African arm of the SOLIDARITY Trial, the World Health Organization-sponsored study on repurposed drugs for use as COVID-19 treatments.,  The drugs under examination included hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and “antiviral drugs commonly used for HIV.”+Rees is the Co-Chair of the South African arm of the [[SOLIDARITY Trial]], the [[World Health Organization]]-sponsored study on repurposed drugs for use as [[COVID-19 treatments]].((WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium. (2020). //Repurposed antiviral drugs for COVID-19 — Interim WHO Solidarity Trial results.// New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2023184)) ((//#ListenToTheExperts Prof Helen Rees, Exec Director, Wits RHI tells us about the Solidarity Trial.// (2020, May 18). SA Corona Virus Online Portal. https://sacoronavirus.co.za/2020/05/18/listentotheexperts-prof-helen-rees-exec-director-wits-rhi-tells-us-about-the-solidarity-trial/)) The drugs under examination included [[hydroxychloroquine]], [[remdesivir]], and “[[antiviral drugs]] commonly used for [[HIV]].”((WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium. (2022). //Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses.// The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00519-0))
  
 ==== CROWN CORONATION Study (2020-2022) ==== ==== CROWN CORONATION Study (2020-2022) ====
  
-Rees is a Principal Investigator for the COVID-19 Research Outcomes Worldwide Network for CORONAvirus prevenTION (CROWN CORONATION) study, investigating strategies to protect healthcare workers against COVID-19 infection. The study is sponsored by the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator, a funding initiative paid for by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Mastercard, Wellcome Trust,,  the UK Government, Madonna, and the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, as well as pharmaceutical companies BD, Boehringer Ingelheim, bioMerieux, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Merck (both the US and German divisions), Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi.+Rees is a Principal Investigator for the [[COVID-19 Research Outcomes Worldwide Network for CORONAvirus prevenTION]] (CROWN CORONATION) study, investigating strategies to protect healthcare workers against [[COVID-19]] infection.((Avidan, M., Washington University School of Medicine, & COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator. (2022, January 27). //An international, multi-site, Bayesian platform adaptive, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of candidate agents in mitigating COVID-19 disease in adults.// ClinicalTrials.gov. https://archive.ph/Ploh3)) The study is sponsored by the [[COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator]], a funding initiative paid for by the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], [[Mastercard]], [[Wellcome Trust]],((//COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator.// (2020, March 10). Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. https://archive.ph/uXOjt)) ((Suzman, M. (2020, March 10). //Announcing the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator.// Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. https://archive.ph/Z8Q5l)) the [[Government of the United Kingdom]], [[Madonna]], and the [[Chan Zuckerberg Initiative]],((Au-Yeung, A. (2020, April 3). //A Bill Gates-backed accelerator for COVID-19 therapeutics treatment partners with Madonna and Mark Zuckerberg’s Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.// Forbes. https://archive.ph/WGnvO)) as well as pharmaceutical companies [[medical_technology_companies:BD]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Boehringer Ingelheim]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:bioMerieux]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Eisai]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Eli Lilly]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Gilead Sciences]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:GlaxoSmithKline]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Johnson & Johnson]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Merck]] (both the US and German divisions), [[pharmaceutical_companies:Novartis]], [[pharmaceutical_companies:Pfizer]], and [[pharmaceutical_companies:Sanofi]].((Staines, R. (2020, March 26). //Pharma giants including Novartis collaborate on COVID-19 therapies.// Pharmaphorum; Pharmaphorum Media Limited. https://archive.ph/8TAzM))
  
 ==== Additional Funding ==== ==== Additional Funding ====
  
-Rees has received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Boston Consulting Group, Mary Wohlford Foundation, Microbicide Trials Network, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Institute, US Agency for International Development (USAID), and Wellcome Trust.+Rees has received funding from the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], [[Boston Consulting Group]], [[Mary Wohlford Foundation]], [[Microbicide Trials Network]], [[National Institutes of Health]], [[Public Health Institute]], [[United States Agency for International Development]] (USAID), and [[Wellcome Trust]].((Rees, H. //Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: New drugs, New Delivery Systems.// South African HIV Clinicians Society. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from https://sahivsoc.org/Files/Fri_Helen_Rees%20Co-formulation%20HIV%20prevention%20and%20contraception.pdf))
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