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covid-19_vaccines:adverse_events:myocarditis [2022/01/20 19:56]
robin [Link dump] 		covid-19_vaccines:adverse_events:myocarditis [2022/07/15 06:21] (current)
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 ====== COVID-19 Vaccine Associated Myocarditis ====== ====== COVID-19 Vaccine Associated Myocarditis ======
 +
 During the experimental [[:COVID-19 vaccines]] campaign, many vaccine recipients have suffered vaccine-associated [[:myocarditis]]. There is a debate over the nature of the damage caused in these cases of myocarditis as well as the relative risk of myocarditis associated with [[:SARS-CoV-2]] infection or [[:COVID-19]] cases. During the experimental [[:COVID-19 vaccines]] campaign, many vaccine recipients have suffered vaccine-associated [[:myocarditis]]. There is a debate over the nature of the damage caused in these cases of myocarditis as well as the relative risk of myocarditis associated with [[:SARS-CoV-2]] infection or [[:COVID-19]] cases.
  
 Myocarditis can be a challenging topic for a number of reasons, not the least of which is understanding the nature of case data, which sometimes does and sometimes does not include preclinical myocarditis, the severity of which may be different by kind. Myocarditis can be a challenging topic for a number of reasons, not the least of which is understanding the nature of case data, which sometimes does and sometimes does not include preclinical myocarditis, the severity of which may be different by kind.
 +
 +See also: [[covid-19_vaccines:adverse_events:myopericarditis|CoVid-19 Vaccine Associated Myopericarditis]] and [[covid-19_vaccines:adverse_events:pericarditis|CoVid-19 Vaccine Associated Pericarditis]]
  
 ===== Research ===== ===== Research =====
 +
 Increased occurrence of myocarditis, pericarditis and myopericarditis has been associated with Covid-19 inoculations,((https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01630-0)) along with Covid-19 infection.  Increased occurrence of myocarditis, pericarditis and myopericarditis has been associated with Covid-19 inoculations,((https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01630-0)) along with Covid-19 infection. 
  
 {{ :myocarditis_vaers.jpg?600 |}} {{ :myocarditis_vaers.jpg?600 |}}
  
 +^             Incidence of Myocarditis Following the Second Dose of a Covid-19 mRNA Vaccine               ^^^^^^^^^ 
 +^  ^  Male: Age 12-15  ^  Male: Age 12-17  ^   Male: Age 16-17  ^   Male: Age 16-19  ^   Male: Age 18-24  ^  Male: Age < 30  ^  Male: Age < 40  ^  Rate from Sars-cov-2  ^
 +| Kaiser Permanente Study - Dec 27, 2021((https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268209v1))|  -  |  1 / 1860   |  1 / 2650    |  
 +| Nature Medicine Paper - Dec 25, 2021((https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.21268276v1))|  -  |   |  -  |  101 excess events per million (Moderna)  |   30 excess events per million  |
 +| USA FDA ACIP Meeting Presentation((http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7027e2)) |  |   |  62.8 per million  |   |  50.5 per million  |
 +| Israel MoH((https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2116999?query=featured_home)) |  1 / 12,361   |
 +| Oster, CDC((https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788346)) |  71 per million (pfizer)  |  106 per million (pfizer)  |    |   |   56 per million (moderna)  |
 +| Mevorach, Israel((https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2109730)) |  -  |   -  |  -  |   1 / 6637  |
  
-^             Incidence of Myocarditis Following the Second Dose of a Covid-19 mRNA Vaccine                 ^^^^^^^  +A research letter published by JAMA claimed that rates of myocarditis and pericarditis increased less than 100% post-vaccination.((August 4, 2021 | George A. Diaz et al | [[:JAMA]] | Myocarditis and Pericarditis After Vaccination for COVID-19 | [[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2782900|doi:10.1001/jama.2021.13443]]))
-^  ^  Age 12 - 17  ^  Male Age 12-17  ^  Age 18 - 24  ^  Male Age 18-24  ^  Male Age < 40  ^  Rate from Sars-cov-2  ^ +
-| Kaiser Permanente Study - Dec 27, 2021((https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.21.21268209v1)) |  1/1860   |  1/2650    |  +
-| Nature Medicine Paper - Dec 25, 2021((https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.21268276v1))|  -  |  -  |  101 excess events per million (Moderna)  |   30 excess events per million  | +
-| USA FDA ACIP Meeting Presentation((http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7027e2)) |  |  62.8 per million  |   |  50.5 per million  |+
  
  
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 The CDC continued to recommend use of these vaccinations while urging doctors to follow a list of clinical guidelines and to make VAERS reports as needed. ((https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html)) The CDC continued to recommend use of these vaccinations while urging doctors to follow a list of clinical guidelines and to make VAERS reports as needed. ((https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html))
  
-In the December 31, 2020 MMWR the CDC released information related to COVID-19 vaccine safety in children aged 5–11 years, covering the November 3–December 19, 2021 period of slightly over a five weeks.  The information was drawn from VEARS and VSAFE and was restricted to those who received Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. ((https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm705152a1.htm))+In the December 31, 2021 MMWR the CDC released information related to COVID-19 vaccine safety in children aged 5–11 years, covering the November 3–December 19, 2021 period of slightly over a five weeks.  The information was drawn from VEARS and VSAFE and was restricted to those who received Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. ((https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm705152a1.htm)) 
 + 
 +==== Small Hong Kong Studies ==== 
 + 
 +'Carditis After COVID-19 Vaccination With a Messenger RNA Vaccine and an Inactivated Virus Vaccine' (Lai, Li et al., 2022)((https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M21-3700)) 
 +"Conclusion: Despite a low absolute risk, there is an increased risk for carditis associated with BNT162b2 vaccination. This elevated risk should be weighed against the benefits of vaccination."
  
-==== Small Hong Kong Study ==== 
 'Epidemiology of Acute Myocarditis/Pericarditis in Hong Kong Adolescents Following Comirnaty Vaccination' (Chua, Kwan et al., 2021)((https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34849657/)) 'Epidemiology of Acute Myocarditis/Pericarditis in Hong Kong Adolescents Following Comirnaty Vaccination' (Chua, Kwan et al., 2021)((https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34849657/))
 "Conclusions: There is a significant increase in the risk of acute myocarditis/pericarditis following Comirnaty vaccination among Chinese male adolescents, especially after the second dose." "Conclusions: There is a significant increase in the risk of acute myocarditis/pericarditis following Comirnaty vaccination among Chinese male adolescents, especially after the second dose."
- 
 ==== Myocarditis Stratified by Age & Sex ==== ==== Myocarditis Stratified by Age & Sex ====
 Associate Professor Vinay Prasad wrote a Substack piece on December 26, 2021((https://vinayprasadmdmph.substack.com/p/uk-now-reports-myocarditis-stratified?justPublished=true)) that revisits the results of a paper that appeared in Nature Medicine called 'Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection' by Patone, Mei et al..((https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01630-0.pdf)) His analysis begins with the finding that the incidence of myocarditis in those under 40 years of age is higher post-vaccination than it is is post-Covid infection. It just gets worse from there. Associate Professor Vinay Prasad wrote a Substack piece on December 26, 2021((https://vinayprasadmdmph.substack.com/p/uk-now-reports-myocarditis-stratified?justPublished=true)) that revisits the results of a paper that appeared in Nature Medicine called 'Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection' by Patone, Mei et al..((https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01630-0.pdf)) His analysis begins with the finding that the incidence of myocarditis in those under 40 years of age is higher post-vaccination than it is is post-Covid infection. It just gets worse from there.
 +
 +
 +===== Comparisons of Risk of Vaccine-Associated vs. COVID-19-Associated Myocarditis =====
 +Sometime after the CDC's June meeting about myocarditis and similar problems associated with COVID-19 vaccine recipients, an argument began to form the COVID-19 also caused myocarditis.
 +
 +A paper published by [[:University of Oxford]] researchers purported to show that myocarditis was a worse risk for persons who suffered from COVID-19 than those who received vaccines.((December 14, 2021 | Patone et al | [[:Nature Medicine]] | [[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01630-0#auth-Martina-Patone|Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection]])) However, the study is problematic on several levels because
 +  * The study did not even include a cohort that was not vaccinated.
 +  * Cases not diagnosed in a narrow window were excluded from calculations.
 +  * No correction was made for the probability of a symptomatic COVID-19 infection.
 +  * Study authors noted numerous meaningful conflicts of interest.
  
  
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 Woman under 30 on the second dose of Moderna found an excess of 37 per million doses for myocarditis with an OR of ~40.6x. For Pfizer & myocarditis alone, men under 30 for the second doses found excess hospitalizations of 27 per million doses and an OR of ~10.9x, while woman saw an increase of 4 per million doses and an OR of ~11.4x. Woman under 30 on the second dose of Moderna found an excess of 37 per million doses for myocarditis with an OR of ~40.6x. For Pfizer & myocarditis alone, men under 30 for the second doses found excess hospitalizations of 27 per million doses and an OR of ~10.9x, while woman saw an increase of 4 per million doses and an OR of ~11.4x.
  
- +===== Peer-Reviewed Scientific papers regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Associated Myocarditis =====
-===== Link dump ===== +
- +
-January 11, 2022 Myocarditis post-vaccination; should we be concerned? By Maryanne Demasi, PHD [[https://maryannedemasi.com/publications/f/myocarditis-post-vaccination-%E2%80%93-should-we-be-concerned]] +
- +
-[[https://61b87bfde22db9000824d656--i-do-not-consent.netlify.app/media/A%20Report%20on%20Myocarditis%20Adverse%20Events%20in%20the%20U.S.%20Vaccine%20AdverseEvents%20Reporting%20System%20%28VAERS%29%20in%20Association%20with%20COVID19%20Injectable%20Biological%20Products.pdf| A report on myocarditis adverse events in the U.S.vaccine adverse events reporting system (VAERS) in association with COVID-19 injectable biological products]] +
- +
-A Joseph Mercola piece for Epoch Times, January 15, 2022, [[https://www.theepochtimes.com/more-children-die-from-the-covid-shot-than-from-covid_4215381.html? | "Do More Children Die From the COVID Shot Than From COVID?"]] Use this [[https://www.theepochtimes.com/more-children-die-from-the-covid-shot-than-from-covid_4215381.html?utm_source=newsnoe&utm_campaign=breaking-2022-01-15-4&utm_medium=email2&est=svwQiSU3%2F6SZ5A8b48e1Ef59XwEcPUxLH7Slc5zNxO%2Bgku4YtY9HisFQ4xGr7yo%3D | link]] to avoid becoming a subscriber.  +
- +
-===Peer Reviewed Medical Papers Submitted To Various Medical Journals, Evidencing A Multitude Of Adverse Events In Covid-19 Vaccine Recipients===+
  
  
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 [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34399967/|COVID-19 vaccine and myocarditis]] [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34399967/|COVID-19 vaccine and myocarditis]]
- 
- 
  
 [[https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resourc e/en/covidwho-1360706.|Epidemiology and clinical features of myocarditis/pericarditis before the introduction of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in Korean children: a multicenter study]]  [[https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/resourc e/en/covidwho-1360706.|Epidemiology and clinical features of myocarditis/pericarditis before the introduction of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in Korean children: a multicenter study]] 
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 [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33824804/|Premature myocardial infarction or side effect of COVID-19 vaccine]] [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33824804/|Premature myocardial infarction or side effect of COVID-19 vaccine]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34416319|Fulminant myocarditis and systemic hyperinflammation temporally associated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in two patients. Int J Cardiol, 340, 119-121. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.08.018]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34092429|Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Vaccine, 39(29), 3790-3793. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.087]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34025885|Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination. Radiol Case Rep, 16(8), 2142-2145. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.05.033]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34586408|Acute Myocardial Infarction and Myocarditis following COVID-19 Vaccination. QJM. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab252]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34756746|Focal Myocarditis in an Adolescent Patient After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine. J Emerg Med, 61(6), e129-e132. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.09.017]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34281357|Myocarditis With COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines. Circulation, 144(6), 471-484. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564344|COVID 19 Vaccine for Adolescents. Concern about Myocarditis and Pericarditis. Pediatr Rep, 13(3), 530-533. doi:10.3390/pediatric13030061]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34333695|Occurrence of acute infarct-like myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination: just an accidental co-incidence or rather vaccination-associated autoimmune myocarditis? Clin Res Cardiol, 110(11), 1850-1854. doi:10.1007/s00392-021-01916-w]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34704459|Cardiac MRI Findings of Myocarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Adolescents. AJR Am J Roentgenol. doi:10.2214/AJR.21.26853]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34664804|Myocarditis-induced Sudden Death after BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination in Korea: Case Report Focusing on Histopathological Findings. J Korean Med Sci, 36(40), e286. doi:10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e286]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34849657|Epidemiology of Acute Myocarditis/Pericarditis in Hong Kong Adolescents Following Comirnaty Vaccination. Clin Infect Dis. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab989]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34933012|Should T2 mapping be used in cases of recurrent myocarditis to differentiate between the acute inflammation and chronic scar? J Pediatr. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.026]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34356586|Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: What Do We Know So Far? Children (Basel), 8(7). doi:10.3390/children8070607]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34246585|A Series of Patients With Myocarditis Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination With mRNA-1279 and BNT162b2. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging, 14(9), 1862-1863. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.06.003]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487236|Biopsy-proven lymphocytic myocarditis following first mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in a 40-year-old male: case report. Clin Res Cardiol, 110(11), 1855-1859. doi:10.1007/s00392-021-01936-6]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34709227|Acute myocarditis in a young adult two days after Pfizer vaccination]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome), 22(11), 891-893. doi:10.1714/3689.36746]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34849667|Myocarditis and Pericarditis in Adolescents after First and Second doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. doi:10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab090]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34237049|Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine After Reports of Myocarditis Among Vaccine Recipients: Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices – United States, June 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 70(27), 977-982. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7027e2]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34660088|A Late Presentation of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis. Cureus, 13(9), e17890. doi:10.7759/cureus.17890]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34916217|Myocarditis after vaccination against covid-19. BMJ, 375, n3090. doi:10.1136/bmj.n3090]]
 +
 +In brief: Myocarditis with the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. (2021). Med Lett Drugs Ther, 63(1629), e9. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34544112https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3454412
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34463755|Myocarditis should be considered in those with a troponin rise and unobstructed coronary arteries following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. QJM. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab231]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34931681|T2 mapping should be utilised in cases of suspected myocarditis to confirm an acute inflammatory process. QJM. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab326]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34342500|Myocarditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination. Radiology, 301(1), E378-E379. doi:10.1148/radiol.2021211766]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34805376|Myocarditis and pericarditis in association with COVID-19 mRNA-vaccination: cases from a regional pharmacovigilance centre. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract, 2021(3), e202118. doi:10.21542/gcsp.2021.18]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34389692|COVID-19 Vaccination-Associated Myocarditis in Adolescents. Pediatrics, 148(5). doi:10.1542/peds.2021-053427]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34744118|Young Male With Myocarditis Following mRNA-1273 Vaccination Against Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Circ J. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-21-0818]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34568540|Kaul, R., Sreenivasan, J., Goel, A., Malik, A., Bandyopadhyay, D., Jin, C., . . . Panza, J. A. (2021). Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc, 36, 100872. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100872]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34185046|Patients With Acute Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. JAMA Cardiol, 6(10), 1196-1201. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2828]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34402228|Cardiac Imaging of Acute Myocarditis Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination. J Korean Med Sci, 36(32), e229. doi:10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e229]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396358|Myocarditis following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, a case series. Am Heart J Plus, 8, 100042. doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2021.100042]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34393110|mRNA COVID vaccine and myocarditis in adolescents. Hong Kong Med J, 27(5), 326-327. doi:10.12809/hkmj215120]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34463770|Reply to “Letter to the editor: Myocarditis should be considered in those with a troponin rise and unobstructed coronary arteries following PfizerBioNTech COVID-19 vaccination”. QJM. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab232]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34535317|Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination – A case series. Vaccine, 39(42), 6195-6200. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.004]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834458|Myocarditis and Pericarditis following COVID-19 Vaccination: Inequalities in Age and Vaccine Types. J Pers Med, 11(11). doi:10.3390/jpm11111106]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34778411|Case Report: Acute Fulminant Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock After Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Requiring Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Front Cardiovasc Med, 8, 758996. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.758996]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34375696|Myocarditis and Pericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: Practical Considerations for Care Providers. Can J Cardiol, 37(10), 1629-1634. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.08.001]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34614328|Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel. N Engl J Med, 385(23), 2140-2149. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2109730]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34166671|Recurrence of Acute Myocarditis Temporally Associated with Receipt of the mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine in a Male Adolescent. J Pediatr, 238, 321-323. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.035]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34185045|Myocarditis Following Immunization With mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Members of the US Military. JAMA Cardiol, 6(10), 1202-1206. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2833]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34840235|Myocarditis Following a COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination: A Japanese Case Series. Intern Med. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.8731-21]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34876937|Acute Myocarditis Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report. J Cardiol Cases. doi:10.1016/j.jccase.2021.11.006]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34402230|Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Myocarditis/Pericarditis before the Introduction of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Korean Children: a Multicenter Study. J Korean Med Sci, 36(32), e232. doi:10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e232]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34180390|Self-limited myocarditis presenting with chest pain and ST segment elevation in adolescents after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Cardiol Young, 1-4. doi:10.1017/S1047951121002547]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34496880|Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in young adult patients with acute myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination: a case series. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson, 23(1), 101. doi:10.1186/s12968-021-00795-4]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34907393|Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01630-0]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34367386|Acute myocarditis following Comirnaty vaccination in a healthy man with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Radiol Case Rep, 16(11), 3321-3325. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.07.082]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34734240|Myocarditis Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine: A Case Series and Incidence Rate Determination. Clin Infect Dis. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab926]]
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34739045|Shiyovich, A., Witberg, G., Aviv, Y., Eisen, A., Orvin, K., Wiessman, M., . . . Hamdan, A. (2021). Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination: magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jeab230]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34605853|Acute Myocarditis Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Adults Aged 18 Years or Older. JAMA Intern Med, 181(12), 1668-1670. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.5511]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34341797|Risk of Myocarditis from COVID-19 Infection in People Under Age 20: A Population-Based Analysis. medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2021.07.23.21260998]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34282971|Myocarditis Associated with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. Radiology, 301(2), E409-E411. doi:10.1148/radiol.2021211430]]
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34420869|Temporal association between the COVID-19 Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and acute myocarditis: A case report and literature review. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. doi:10.1016/j.carrev.2021.08.012]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34514306|Case report: acute myocarditis following the second dose of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Eur Heart J Case Rep, 5(8), ytab319. doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytab319]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34955479|Eosinophilic Myocarditis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination. Circ J. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-21-0935]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34865500|Clinically Suspected Myocarditis Temporally Related to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents and Young Adults. Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056583]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34277198|Myocarditis and Other Cardiovascular Complications of the mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines. Cureus, 13(6), e15576. doi:10.7759/cureus.15576]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34731877|Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine. Pediatr Emerg Care, 37(11), 583-584. doi:10.1097/PEC.0000000000002557]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34229940|Myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination in a healthy male. Am J Emerg Med, 50, 815 e811-815 e812. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.051]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34614329|Myocarditis after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Large Health Care Organization. N Engl J Med, 385(23), 2132-2139. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2110737]]
 +
 +In brief: Myocarditis with the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. (2021). Med Lett Drugs Ther, 63(1629), e9. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34544112https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3454412
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34463755|Myocarditis should be considered in those with a troponin rise and unobstructed coronary arteries following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. QJM. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab231]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34342500|Myocarditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination. Radiology, 301(1), E378-E379. doi:10.1148/radiol.2021211766]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34805376|Myocarditis and pericarditis in association with COVID-19 mRNA-vaccination: cases from a regional pharmacovigilance centre. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract, 2021(3), e202118. doi:10.21542/gcsp.2021.18]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34389692|COVID-19 Vaccination-Associated Myocarditis in Adolescents. Pediatrics, 148(5). doi:10.1542/peds.2021-053427]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34744118|Young Male With Myocarditis Following mRNA-1273 Vaccination Against Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Circ J. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-21-0818]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34568540|Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc, 36, 100872. doi:10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100872]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34185046|Patients With Acute Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination. JAMA Cardiol, 6(10), 1196-1201. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2828]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34402228|Cardiac Imaging of Acute Myocarditis Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination. J Korean Med Sci, 36(32), e229. doi:10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e229]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396358|Myocarditis following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, a case series. Am Heart J Plus, 8, 100042. doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2021.100042]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34393110|mRNA COVID vaccine and myocarditis in adolescents. Hong Kong Med J, 27(5), 326-327. doi:10.12809/hkmj215120]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34463770|Reply to “Letter to the editor: Myocarditis should be considered in those with a troponin rise and unobstructed coronary arteries following PfizerBioNTech COVID-19 vaccination”. QJM. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab232]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34535317|Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination – A case series. Vaccine, 39(42), 6195-6200. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.004]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34834458|Myocarditis and Pericarditis following COVID-19 Vaccination: Inequalities in Age and Vaccine Types. J Pers Med, 11(11). doi:10.3390/jpm11111106]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34778411|Case Report: Acute Fulminant Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock After Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Requiring Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Front Cardiovasc Med, 8, 758996. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.758996]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34375696|Myocarditis and Pericarditis After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination: Practical Considerations for Care Providers. Can J Cardiol, 37(10), 1629-1634. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.08.001]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34614328|Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel. N Engl J Med, 385(23), 2140-2149. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2109730]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34166671|Recurrence of Acute Myocarditis Temporally Associated with Receipt of the mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine in a Male Adolescent. J Pediatr, 238, 321-323. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.035]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34185045|Myocarditis Following Immunization With mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Members of the US Military. JAMA Cardiol, 6(10), 1202-1206. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2833]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34840235|Myocarditis Following a COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccination: A Japanese Case Series. Intern Med. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.8731-21]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34876937|Acute Myocarditis Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report. J Cardiol Cases. doi:10.1016/j.jccase.2021.11.006]] 
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34860360|Features of Inflammatory Heart Reactions Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination at a Global Level. Clin Pharmacol Ther. doi:10.1002/cpt.2499]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34921468|Cardiac complications following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review of case reports and case series. Rev Med Virol, e2318. doi:10.1002/rmv.2318]]
 +
 +[[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34808708|A review of COVID-19 vaccination and the reported cardiac manifestations. Singapore Med J. doi:10.11622/smedj.2021210]]
 +
 +[[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352906721000622|Temporal relationship between the second dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine and cardiac involvement in a patient with previous SARS-COV-2 infection ]]
 +
 +[[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788346|Myocarditis Cases Reported After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US From December 2020 to August 2021]]
 +
 +[[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2116999?query=featured_home|Myocarditis after BNT162b2 Vaccination in Israeli Adolescents]]
 +
 +[[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35404496/|Risk of myopericarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in a large integrated health system: A comparison of completeness and timeliness of two methods]]
 +
 +===== Link dump =====
 +
 +January 11, 2022 Myocarditis post-vaccination; should we be concerned? By Maryanne Demasi, PHD [[https://maryannedemasi.com/publications/f/myocarditis-post-vaccination-%E2%80%93-should-we-be-concerned]]
 +
 +[[https://61b87bfde22db9000824d656--i-do-not-consent.netlify.app/media/A%20Report%20on%20Myocarditis%20Adverse%20Events%20in%20the%20U.S.%20Vaccine%20AdverseEvents%20Reporting%20System%20%28VAERS%29%20in%20Association%20with%20COVID19%20Injectable%20Biological%20Products.pdf| A report on myocarditis adverse events in the U.S.vaccine adverse events reporting system (VAERS) in association with COVID-19 injectable biological products]]
 +
 +A Joseph Mercola piece for Epoch Times, January 15, 2022, [[https://www.theepochtimes.com/more-children-die-from-the-covid-shot-than-from-covid_4215381.html? | "Do More Children Die From the COVID Shot Than From COVID?"]] Use this [[https://www.theepochtimes.com/more-children-die-from-the-covid-shot-than-from-covid_4215381.html?utm_source=newsnoe&utm_campaign=breaking-2022-01-15-4&utm_medium=email2&est=svwQiSU3%2F6SZ5A8b48e1Ef59XwEcPUxLH7Slc5zNxO%2Bgku4YtY9HisFQ4xGr7yo%3D | link]] to avoid becoming a subscriber. 
  
  
  
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