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--- bioweapons [2022/04/05 11:50]
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+++ bioweapons [2022/12/07 00:38] (current)
pamela [Pandemic Profiteers]
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 ====== Bioweapons ======
+==== Cold War Bioweapons History ====
+{{ ::anthrax_island_headline.png?400|}}
+{{ ::anthrax_island_pic.png?600|}}
+==== Anthrax Island of Death ====
+The Scottish ‘Anthrax Island’ poisoned by the government
+There is little life on the Scottish island of Gruinard - which was known for years as the Island of Death.
+Scotsman By The Newsroom - Wednesday, 3rd April 2019
+Gruinard has effectively been a no go zone for almost 80 years after it became a top-secret UK government test centre for biological weapons during World War Two.
+It was here that anthrax bombs were dropped on sheep to determine how harmful the highly infectious disease could be in a warfare situation. In 1942, British military scientists from Porton Down ventured to Gruinard which sits off the mainland between Achiltibuie and Laide in Wester Ross.
+The sparse island, which is just over a mile long and once covered in trees, was then requisitioned from its owners to allow the covert tests to begin. Government scientists from [[:Porton Down]] Research Establishment on Gruinard for decontamination works in 1986. It was declared safe four years later. PIC: TSPL.
+Over the summer of 1942 and 1943, sheep were placed in open pens and then exposed to bombs, dropped from a Vickers Wellington bomber plane, that scattered anthrax spores across the land. The power of anthrax became quickly clear when the sheep started dying after three days with its potential to cause mass destruction summed up in the report of the tests.
+“The report of the Gruinard experiment indicated that [[:biological weapons]] are highly effective and can paralyse or render cities inhospitable,” said author Sharad S Chauhan in his book Biological Weapons.((https://web.archive.org/web/20200516073255/https://www.scotsman.com/regions/inverness-highlands-and-islands/scottish-anthrax-island-poisoned-government-633739))
+=== Gruinard Island Decontamination Cleanup ===
+Nature. 1983 May 19-25;303(5914):239-40. doi: 10.1038/303239a0.
+Decontamination of Bacillus anthracis on Gruinard Island?
+R J Manchee, M G Broster, I S Anderson, R M Henstridge, J Melling
+PMID: 6405284 DOI: 10.1038/303239a0
+Abstract
+In experiments on Gruinard Island 40 years ago small bombs containing spores of Bacillus anthracis were suspended from a gantry and detonated, producing widespread contamination of the island's surface. Recently, analysis of soil samples has shown that the area where the spores can now be detected is small enough to be considered for decontamination. We investigated the effect of treating the soil with sporicidal chemicals, namely, potassium permanganate, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, Cidex ('activated' glutaraldehyde, Surgikos), dodecylamine and peracetic acid. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20211117193013/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6405284/))
+=== Anthrax Island 2022 Fires ===
+Gruinard Island: Fire on island used for Anthrax experiments
+BBC March 27, 2022
+An uninhabited Scottish island where government scientists once conducted experiments with Anthrax has been hit by a fire.  People who saw the fire on Gruinard Island from the mainland described the scene as "apocalyptic". They said the uninhabited island off Scotland's north-west coast was ablaze from "one end to the other" on Saturday evening.
+The island was used for germ warfare experiments during World War Two. In 1986, Gruinard was again a hive of activity as teams of scientists, vaccinated against anthrax and dressed in protective clothing, prepared to return the island to its natural state.
+They sprayed the soil with seawater and [[:formaldehyde]] and it was again tested at [[:Porton Down]].
+Finally, on 24 April 1990, the MoD declared Gruinard anthrax free. ((https://web.archive.org/web/20220327162132/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-60892350))
 ===== U.S. Bioweapons Programs =====
@@ Line 5: / Line 51: @@
 ==== Ukrainian Biolaboratories ====
   * Jan 1, 2022 -- WHAT ARE SECRET US BIO-LABORATORIES DOING IN UKRAINE?((January 1, 2022 | Stalker Zone | [[https://www.stalkerzone.org/what-are-secret-us-bio-laboratories-doing-in-ukraine/?fbclid=IwAR2Mm-4blqgd3OOeJbq0YMfd0Q3JPtyHydof4kjjCFqOfzrn3BxdhlPnLTo|WHAT ARE SECRET US BIO-LABORATORIES DOING IN UKRAINE?]]))
+==== Pandemic Profiteers =====
+From Covid-19 to BioLabs; all roads lead back to the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
+By The Exposé on April 22, 2022
+The Defense Threat Reduction Agency [[:DTRA]] funds biolabs around the world and contracts much of the work under the military program to private companies, which are not held accountable to Congress, and can operate more freely and move around the rule of law.
+The recent scandal over the involvement of [[:Hunter Biden]] in bioweapons research brought these companies to the forefront of public opinion. These companies not only have a poor track record, but are also directly involved in the development of [[:bioweapons]], posing a significant and growing threat to national and international security.
+[[:Metabiota]] bungled Ebola response
+San Francisco-based Metabiota was tapped by the Sierra Leonean government and the [[:World Health Organization]] to help monitor the spread of virus and support the response after Ebola was discovered circulating in Africa in March 2014. The company’s failure to track samples and have absolutely no control on what was being done made an already chaotic situation worse.
+WHO experts have criticised the company. In Sierra Leone, Sylvia Blyden, who served as special executive assistant to the country’s president in the early days of the outbreak, said Metabiota’s response was a disaster.(more)
+[[:Black＆Veatch]] was involved in bioweapons research in Ukraine
+A letter from the Kherson department of the [[:Ukrainian Security Service]] said that [[:DTRA]] and [[:Black&Veatch]] intend to establish control over the functioning of microbiological laboratories in Ukraine conducting research on bioweapons so that they can be used to create or modernize new types of biological weapons.
+The company was involved in human experimentation and conducts research on bioweapons.
+Black&Veatch has been working in the interests of the Pentagon since 2008 as an inherent part of projects studying potentially dangerous bioagents. Among these was the UP-1 project to study rickettsia and tick-borne encephalitis virus in arthropods in northwestern Ukraine.
+In addition, Black&Veatch is an executor of the UP-8 project aimed at studying the causative agents of the [[:Congo-Crimean fever]], leptospirosis and hantaviruses. According to the project’s description, blood samples will be collected from 4400 healthy soldiers in Lviv, Kharkov, Odessa and Kyiv. The Project has resulted in at least 20 deaths of soldiers.
+Black&Veatch is also an executor of the U.S.-Armenia [[:Cooperative Biological Engagement Program]]. It installed infectious disease diagnostic equipment in three Ministry of Health Laboratories. Just a few weeks later, the Armenian government began receiving reports of patients with symptoms resembling anthrax from eastern Armenia.
+[[:CH2M Hill]] was involved in bioweapons research
+The Defense Threat Reduction Agency [[:DTRA]] funded CH2M Hill to stockpile dangerous biological agents, such as [[:anthrax]] and schistosoma haematobiom at the Lugar Research Center and employed former Georgian bio warfare scientists to work on biological weapons development projects.
+**Seventy-three volunteers died while testing new deadly toxins.** In 2017 CH2M Hill conducted the KZ-33 project with the [[:Research Institute for Biosafety Issues of Kazakhstan]] and [[:Duke-NUS Medical School]] funded by The Defense Threat Reduction Agency, which aimed to study bat coronaviruses.
+[[:Battelle Memorial Institute]] was embroiled in a scandal involving illegal use of government equipment, lab safety violations and retaliation.
+Since 1996, Battelle Memorial Institute has been punished several times for illegal acts. The company’s reputation is in tatters. In 1996 Battelle Memorial Institute was accused of using improper accounting procedures for use of government equipment. In 2008 Battelle Memorial Institute was accused for violating the Department’s worker safety and health regulations at Idaho National Laboratory....
+Battelle Memorial Institute has already worked on the Bio-weapons Program under 11 previous contracts with the US Army（1952-1966).
+[[:Project Clear Vision]] 1997 and 2000, a joint investigation by the [[:CIA]] and the [[:Battelle Memorial Institute]], under a contract awarded by the Agency, reconstructed and tested a Soviet-era anthrax bombl in order to test its dissemination characteristics.
+Since 2006 Battelle has operated a Top Secret Bio Laboratory NBACC at Fort Detrick, Maryland under a US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) contract. Battelle funds NBACC to store and research deadly pathogens such as Ebola, nerve agent and anthrax and conducted secret human experiments.
+Among the secret experiments, performed by Battelle at NBACC are: Assessment of powder dissemination technology; Assessment of hazard posed by aerosolised toxins and Assessment of virulence of B.Pseudomallei (Meliodosis) as a function of aerosol particle in non-human primates.
+Melioidosis is biological weapon agent. There is strong evidence of U.S. research into bioweapons through contractors, which is a serious breach of the BWC.((https://web.archive.org/web/20220422145030/https://dailyexpose.uk/2022/04/22/from-covid-to-biolabs-all-roads-lead-to-usdtra/))
+==== Spartacus ICENI Biolab History ====
+Substack October 27, 2022 - Actual Scientific Meme Content
+In 2009, [[:USAID]] started the EPT-[[:PREDICT]] program to try and get ahead of zoonotic spillover events. This project included [[:Peter Daszak]]'s [[:EcoHealth Alliance]] and [[:Nathan Wolfe]]'s [[:Metabiota]].
+Ever since 2001 and Amerithrax,[[: Robert Kadlec]] and his ilk have opportunistically used the largely imaginary threat of bioterrorism to massively expand America's BSL-3 and BSL-4 laboratory capacity.
+This was covered extensively by [[:Whitney Webb]].
+=== All Roads Lead to Dark Winter ===
+In late June 2001, the U.S. military was preparing for a “Dark Winter.” At Andrews Air Force Base in Camp Springs, Maryland, several Congressmen, a former [[:CIA]] director, a former [[:FBI]] director, government insiders and privileged members of the press met to conduct a biowarfare simulation that would precede both the September 11 attacks and the 2001 [[:Anthrax attacks]] by a matter of months. It specifically simulated the deliberate introduction of [[:smallpox]] to the American public by a hostile actor.
+The simulation was a collaborative effort led by the John Hopkins [[:Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies (part of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security) in collaboration with the Center for Strategic and International Studies]] (CSIS), the Analytic Services ([[:ANSER]]) Institute for Homeland Security and the Oklahoma National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism. The concept, design and script of the simulation were created by [[:Tara O’Toole]] and [[:Thomas Inglesby]] of the Johns Hopkins Center along with [[:Randy Larsen]] and [[:Mark DeMier]] of ANSER. The full script of the exercise can be read here.
+[[:Edward Hammond]] and his watchdog group, the [[:Sunshine Project]], and other investigators, tried digging into these programs, but they were never able to obtain anything other than blank, redacted sheets of paper.
+The US DOD’s cavalier response to all of this, instead of bringing oversight and accountability to risky biological research conducted in the US, was to outsource the research to foreign biolabs with no oversight, and fund it through an array of contractors and NGOs, like [[:EcoHealth Alliance]], [[:Metabiota]], and [[:Labyrinth Global Health]].
+The secretive and suspicious nature of the American [[:biosecurity state]] is chronicled in Frank L. Smith's book "[[:American Biodefense]]", as well as "[[:Breeding Bio Insecurity]]" by Lynn C. Klotz. ((https://iceni.substack.com/p/scientific-meme-content#details))